πυρός

Ancient Greek

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-European *péh₂wr̥ (“fire”), like πῦρ (pûr, “fire”); it meant “spelt” due to the grains having to be dried on fire, then the word was transferred onto the later popular wheat, while other languages used new formations to denote wheat, Proto-Germanic *hwaitijaz, Proto-Slavic *pьšenica etc.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /pyː.rós/ → /pyˈros/ → /piˈros/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /pyː.rós/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /pyˈros/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /pyˈros/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /pyˈros/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /piˈros/

Noun

πῡρός • (pūrós) n (genitive πῡροῦ); second declension

1. wheat
2. a grain of wheat

Inflection

Second declension of ὁ πῡρός; τοῦ πῡροῦ (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ πῡρός ho pūrós	τὼ πῡρώ tṑ pūrṓ	οἱ πῡροί hoi pūroí
Genitive	τοῦ πῡροῦ toû pūroû	τοῖν πῡροῖν toîn pūroîn	τῶν πῡρῶν tôn pūrôn
Dative	τῷ πῡρῷ tôi pūrôi	τοῖν πῡροῖν toîn pūroîn	τοῖς πῡροῖς toîs pūroîs
Accusative	τὸν πῡρόν tòn pūrón	τὼ πῡρώ tṑ pūrṓ	τοὺς πῡρούς toùs pūroús
Vocative	πῡρέ pūré	πῡρώ pūrṓ	πῡροί pūroí
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• διόσπῡρος (dióspūros)
• (perhaps) πῡραμίς (pūramís)
• πῡρομέτρης (pūrométrēs)
• πῡρήν (pūrḗn)

Descendants

• →? Arabic: بُرّ (burr, “wheat”)
• → Old Georgian: პური (ṗuri)
  • Georgian: პური (ṗuri, “wheat; bread”)
    • → Armenian: պուրի (puri)
• → Sicilian: puru puru (“repeated interjection to call hens, now disconnected from the sense of 'wheat'”)

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /py.rós/ → /pyˈros/ → /piˈros/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /py.rós/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /pyˈros/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /pyˈros/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /pyˈros/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /piˈros/

Noun

πῠρός • (purós)

1. genitive singular of πῦρ (pûr)

Further reading

• “πυρός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “πυρός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “πυρός”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• πυρός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• πυρός in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• G4450 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • corn idem, page 174.
  • wheat idem, page 974.
• Brown, John Pairman (2000) Israel and Hellas (Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft; 276), volume II, Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter, page 9 seqq., considering rather owing to the original uncommonness of proper wheat in Classical Antiquity – πόλτος (póltos) and Latin puls meaning porridge of spelt, χῡλός (khūlós) gruel of barley – a Semitic origin, compare Hebrew בָּר (bār, “grain, especially of wheat”) and Arabic بُرّ (burr, “wheat”).

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Greek

Noun

πυρός • (pyrós) n

1. genitive singular of πυρ (pyr)