tarantula

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See also: Tarantula, tarántula, tarântula, tarantúla, and tarantulă

English

WOTD – 29 March 2020

Etymology

A tarantula (Lua error in Module:parameters at line 828: Parameter "ver" is not used by this template.; sense 1)
Lua error in Module:parameters at line 828: Parameter "ver" is not used by this template., sometimes called the pinktoe tarantula (sense 1)
Lua error in Module:parameters at line 828: Parameter "ver" is not used by this template., a type of funnel-web tarantula (family Lua error in Module:parameters at line 828: Parameter "ver" is not used by this template.) (sense 2).
A tarantula (Lycosa tarantula; sense 3).

From Medieval Latin tarantula, from Old Italian tarantola, from Taranto (“seaport in southern Italy”), from Latin Tarentum (“Latin name of the town”), from Ancient Greek Τάρᾱς (Tárās, “Greek name of the town”) (compare Modern Greek Τάραντας (Tárantas) and Tarantino Tarde),[1] probably from Illyrian *darandos (“oak”).

Sense 3 (“Lycosa tarantula”) is the original sense of the word, and refers to the fact that the spider was common in the Apulia region where Taranto is located.[1] Sense 1 (“New World spider in the family Theraphosidae”), the main modern sense of the word, may have been a transferred use of Spanish tarántula (“tarantula (Lycosa tarantula)”) to describe large, hairy spiders found in the New World.

Pronunciation

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  • Audio (RP):(file)
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  • Hyphenation: ta‧ran‧tu‧la

Noun

tarantula (plural tarantulas or tarantulae)

  1. Any of the large, hairy New World spiders comprising the family Theraphosidae.
    Synonyms: bird spider, monkey spider, rain spider
    • 1857, John Askew, chapter II, in A Voyage to Australia & New Zealand, including a Visit to Adelaide, Melbourne, Sydney, Hunter’s River, Newcastle, Maitland, and Auckland; […], London: Simpkin, Marshall, & Co.; Cockermouth, Cumbria: D. Fidler, […], →OCLC, page 100:
      Cockroaches, centipedes, tarantulas, scorpions, and mosquitoes are abundant in summer. [...] Tarantulas and scorpions are little noticed by those who have been there any length of time.
    • 1873 May 3, “The Tarantula—an Interesting Native of California”, in Friends' Intelligencer, volume XXX, number 10, Philadelphia, Pa.: John Comly, publishing agent, […]; Merrihew & Son, printers, […], published 1873–1874, →OCLC, page 156, column 2:
      In the southern portions of the State we have met with specimens of brown tarantula weighing a full Troy ounce, but these were of unusual size. The wood tarantula is the largest of all, occasional specimens weighing an ounce and a half, inhabits dead wood, is very active on a warm day, is found of sunning himself, and is quite courageous, leaping on a large lizard, with a perfect recklessness of consequences. [From the Alta California.]
    • 1892 January, J. J. Rivers, “Description of the Nest of the Californian Turret Building Spider, with Some Reference to Allied Species”, in Townshend Stith Brandegee, editor, Zoe: A Biological Journal, volume II, number 4, San Francisco, Calif.: Zoe Publishing Company, →OCLC, page 319:
      The other Californian species of notable spiders belonging to the Theraphosidae are: The great tarantula of Southern California, Arizona, and Texas, and the lesser tarantula belonging to the middle of California. The use of the word "tarantula" is rather wide and dubious in application. While the tarantula of the Southern States is of the same family as the true tarantula of Spain—Lycosidæ—the Californian tarantula is of the Theraphosidæ (Mygalidæ). In fact the name carries with it no meaning of value because in each locality the name is bestowed upon the largest hairy spider of the region, irrespective of its classification or habits.
    • 1910 November, C. L. Edholm, “A Queer Pet”, in H[enry] H[aven] Windsor, editor, Popular Mechanics Magazine, volume 14, number 5, Chicago, Ill.: Popular Mechanics Co., →ISSN, →OCLC, page 616, column 2:
      Visitors to Southern Arizona find the privacy of their homes invaded in a delightfully free and easy way by the original settlers of that region, namely the scorpions, centipedes, tarantulas, etc. [...]
    • 2004, Sy Montgomery, “Expedition to Les Grottes”, in The Tarantula Scientist, New York, N.Y.: Houghton Mifflin Company, →ISBN, page 42:
      Clarabelle is a pinktoe tarantula—one of the very first tarantulas described by Western scientists. The gentle pinktoes were originally tree-dwelling forest tarantulas, but these days they're happy to build their silky retreats in the eaves of houses, in shrubs, and in the tube-like curves of pineapple leaves on plantations, too.
    • 2010, Peter M[acGarr] Rabinowitz, Lisa A. Conti, “Toxic Exposures”, in Human–Animal Medicine: Clinical Approaches to Zoonoses, Toxicants and Other Shared Health Risks, Maryland Heights, Mo.: Saunders Elsevier, →ISBN, page 81, column 1:
      Tarantulas are found in parts of the United States and are frequently sold as pets. Tarantula bites usually do not cause significant envenomations but may cause local tissue swelling. Another hazard of tarantulas is that contact with the hairs of the back, which are released when the tarantula is distressed, can cause local skin reactions as well as a granulomatous reaction of the cornea and conjunctiva of the eye (ophthalmia nodosa) that requires urgent ophthalmologic attention. Dogs or cats that attempt to eat tarantulas may gag or vomit.
    • 2014, Bear Grylls, “Insects (and Other Creepy Crawlies)”, in Extreme Food: What to Eat when Your Life Depends on It, London: Bantam Press, →ISBN; republished London: Corgi Books, Transworld Publishers, 2015, →ISBN, part 3 (The Whole Hog), pages 216–217:
      The best tarantulas for cooking are the Thai Zebra variety (Haplopelma albostriatum). These are very common in Cambodia, Thailand and Malaysia, where they are a popular fast food (and one that children love to hunt for). You can go to a Cambodian market and buy live, defanged tarantulas by the dozen from huge wicker baskets, ready to take home and cook.
  2. (by extension) A member of certain other groups of spiders, generally characterized by large size, hairiness, or membership of infraorder Mygalomorphae to which Theraphosidae family also belongs.
    • 1971, Wolfgang Bücherl, “Spiders”, in Wolfgang Bücherl and Eleanor E[vans] Buckley, editors, Venomous Animals and Their Venoms, volume III (Venomous Invertebrates), New York, N.Y., London: Academic Press, →ISBN, section IV (Description, Distribution, and Biology of Dangerous Species), page 225:
      The small funnel-web tarantulas are sedentary but notable for their aggressiveness and the strong action of their venom on human beings. A. robustus and formidabilis have caused human deaths.
    • 2009, “Glossary”, in P. A. Sebastian and K. V. Peter, editors, Spiders of India, Himayatnagar, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh: Universities Press (India), →ISBN, page 428:
      tergites: dorsal sclerites on the body; the hard plates on the abdomen of the atypical tarantulas that indicate segmentation
    • 2016 March 29, Josephine-De-France, “The Vicious”, in And Then There Are Bitches, Bloomington, Ind.: AuthorHouse, →ISBN:
      The name "tarantula" is also mistakenly applied to other large-bodied spiders, and the "dwarf tarantulas". Both are classified in different families. Huntsman spiders of the family have also been termed "tarantulas" because of their large size.
  3. (dated) A species of wolf spider, Lycosa tarantula, native to southern Europe, the mildly poisonous bite of which was once thought to cause an extreme urge to dance (tarantism). [from mid 16th c.]
    • 1588, R[obert] Greene, “The Third Nights Exercise”, in Perimedes the Blacke Smith, a Golden Methode, how to Vse the Minde in Pleasant and Profitable Exercise: […], London: Printed by Iohn VVolfe, for Edward VVhite, →OCLC:
      [I]t is better to be pained with the ſting of a Snake, and recouer, then be tickled with the venime of Tarantula and dye laughing: [...]
    • 1621, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], “An Heape of Other Accidents Causing Melancholy. Death of Friends, Losses, &c.”, in The Anatomy of Melancholy, […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and Iames Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition 1, section 2, member 4, subsection 7, page 151:
      Many men catch this malady [i.e., melancholy] by [...] ſtinging with that kind of ſpider called Tarantula; [...] Their ſymptomes are merrily deſcribed by Iovianus Pontanus. Ant. dial. how they daunce alogether, and are cured by Muſick.
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    • 1837 February, Leon Dufour, “Art. II. Observations upon the Tarantula (Lycòsa Taréntula).”, in Edward Charlesworth, editor, The Magazine of Natural History, and Journal of Zoology, Botany, Mineralogy, Geology, and Meteorology, volume I, number 2 (New Series), London: Printed [by A[ndrew] Spottiswoode] for Longman, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longmans, […], →OCLC, page 72:
      On May 7, 1812, during my stay at Valencia, in Spain, I took, without hurting him, a tarantula of tolerable size, which I imprisoned in a glass covered over with paper, in which I had made a square opening. [...] He quickly accustomed himself to his cell, and ended by becoming so familiar, that he would come to eat out of my fingers the living fly that I brought him. [Translated from the Annales des Sciences Naturelles, 1835.]
    • 1865, Captain Valikhanof [i.e., Shoqan Walikhanov], “Sketches of Travels in Dzungaria, by Capt. Valikhanof”, in John and Robert Michell, transl., The Russians in Central Asia: […] Translated from the Russian, London: Edward Stanford, […], →OCLC, pages 74–75:
      We [...] passed the night at a spring in a valley of the Kalkan hills, which literally swarmed with snakes, tarantulæ, scorpions, and other reptiles; for a long time after I could not shake off the recollection of that horrible resting-place.
    • 1996, Jonathan Kellerman, chapter 7, in The Web (Alex Delaware; 10), New York, N.Y.: Bantam Books, →ISBN; republished London: Headline Publishing Group, 2008, →ISBN:
      I must confess they're my favorite. So bright. They quickly recognize individuals. And they respond to kindness. All tarantulae do. That's why your little Lycosa made such a good pet, Robin.

Derived terms

Translations

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 “tarantula, n.”, in OED Online Paid subscription required⁠, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, 1910; “tarantula, n.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.

Further reading

Polish

Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl

Etymology

Borrowed from French tarentule, from Italian tarantola, named after Taranto, a seaport in southern Italy; from Latin Tarentum, from Ancient Greek Τάρᾱς (Tárās, “Tarās”); ultimately from Illyrian *darandos (“oak”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ta.ranˈtu.la/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -ula
  • Syllabification: ta‧ran‧tu‧la

Noun

tarantula f

  1. tarantula (Lycosa tarantula)

Declension

Declension of tarantula
singular plural
nominative tarantula tarantule
genitive tarantuli tarantul
dative tarantuli tarantulom
accusative tarantulę tarantule
instrumental tarantulą tarantulami
locative tarantuli tarantulach
vocative tarantulo tarantule

Further reading

  • tarantula in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • tarantula in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romanian

Noun

tarantula

  1. definite nominative/accusative singular of tarantulă
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