خواب

See also: جواب

Persian

Etymology

From Middle Persian 𐭧𐭥𐭠𐭡 (ḥʿʾb /⁠xvāb⁠/), from Proto-Iranian *hwápati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *swap-, from Proto-Indo-European *swep- (“to dream”). Compare Northern Kurdish xew, xewn, Russian спать (spatʹ), and Ancient Greek ὕπνος (húpnos, “sleep”), whence hypnosis.

Noun

Dari	خواب
Iranian Persian
Tajik	хоб

خواب • (xâb)

1. sleep
   • c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 26”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]‎^[1]:

     سر فرا گوش من آورد، به آواز حزین
     گفت: ای عاشق دیرینه من خوابت هست؟

     sar farā gōš-i man āward ba āwāz-i hazīn
     guft ay āšiq-i dērīna-yi man xwāb-at hast?

     He brought his head close to my ear and, in a plaintive voice,
     Said, "Hey, old-time lover of mine, are you asleep [lit. is sleep upon you]?"

     (Classical Persian transliteration)

   • c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 464”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]‎^[2]:

     چون من خیال رویت جانا به خواب بینم
     کز خواب می‌نبیند چشمم به جز خیالی

     čōn man xayāl-i rōy-at jān-ā ba xwāb bēnam
     k-az xwāb mē-na-bēnad čašm-am ba juz xayālē

     My love, how can I glimpse your face in dreams
     When my eyes cannot get but a single glimpse of sleep?

     (Classical Persian transliteration)

   • c. 1720, 'Abd al-Qādir Bēdil, دیوان بیدل [The Divān of Bēdil]:

     بیداری میان دو خواب است هستیم
     گرد تخیل دو سراب است هستیم

     bīdārī-yi miyān-i dō xwāb ast hastēm
     gard-i taxayyul-i dō sarāb ast hastēm

     There is wakefulness between two slumbers; that is us;
     There is the dust of fancies between two mirages; that is us.

     (Classical Persian transliteration)

2. dream

   Synonym: رویا (ro'yâ)

   • c. 930, Rōdakī, دیوان رودکی [The Divān of Rōdakī]:

     این جهان پاک خواب کردار است
     آن شناسد که دلش بيدار است

     īn jahān pāk xwāb kirdār ast
     ān šināsad ki dil-aš bidār ast

     This world acts wholly like a dream;
     He whose heart is awake shall realize it.

     (Classical Persian transliteration)

   • c. 1185, Shihāb al-Dīn Suhrawardī, پرتونامه [The Book of Illumination]:

     رئیس طبیعی شود عالم را، و او را از عالم اعلا نصرت رسد و سخن او در عالم علوی مسموع باشد، و خواب و الهام او به کمال رسد.

     ra'īs-i tabī'ī šawad ālim rā, u ō rā az ālim-i a'lā nusrat rasad o suxan-i ō dar ālim-i ulwī masmū' bāšad, u xwāb u ilhām-i ō ba kamāl rasad.

     He shall become the natural ruler of the world; succor shall come to him from the sublime world, and his word shall be obeyed in the celestial world; his dreams and inspirations shall reach perfection.

     (Classical Persian transliteration)

   • c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 464”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]‎^[3]:

     چون من خیال رویت جانا به خواب بینم
     کز خواب می‌نبیند چشمم به جز خیالی

     čōn man xayāl-i rōy-at jān-ā ba xwāb bēnam
     k-az xwāb mē-na-bēnad čašm-am ba juz xayālē

     My love, how can I glimpse your face in dreams
     When my eyes cannot get but a single glimpse of sleep?

     (Classical Persian transliteration)

Derived terms

verbs

• به خواب رفتن (be xâb raftan, “to go to sleep”)
• خواب از سر پریدن (xâb az sar paridan)
• خواب بردن (xâb bordan, “to fall asleep”)
• خواب دیدن (xâb didan, “to dream”)
• خوابیدن (xâbidan, “to sleep”)

 

others

• تختخواب (taxtexâb, “bed”)
• خوابگاه (xābgāh, “dormitory”)
• خوابیده (xābide)
• رختخواب (raxtexâb, “bedroll”)

 

Related terms

• خفتن (xoftan, “to sleep”)

 

Descendants

• → Bengali: খোয়াব (khwab), খোওয়াব (khowab), খ্বাব (khwab)
• → Hindustani: xvāb, xāb, khāb

  Hindi: ख़्वाब, ख़ाब, खाब

  Urdu: خواب (xvāb)

Adjective

خواب • (xâb)

1. asleep

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Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian خواب (xvāb), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *swap-, from Proto-Indo-European *swep- (“to dream”). Doublet of سپنا (sapnā).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /xɑːb/, /xwɑːb/
• Rhymes: -ɑːb

Noun

خْواب • (xvāb) m (Hindi spelling ख़्वाब)

1. dream

   Synonyms: (rare) سپنا (sapnā), رؤیا (rū'yā)

Declension

Declension of خواب
	singular	plural
direct	خواب (xvāb)	خواب (xvāb)
oblique	خواب (xvāb)	خوابوں (xvābō̃)
vocative	خواب (xvāb)	خوابو (xvābō)

Related terms

• خواب گاہ (xāb gāh or xvāb gāh, “bedroom”)
• خوابیدہ (xābidah or xvābidah, “asleep”)
• خواب دیکھنا‎ (xāb dekhnā or xvāb dekhna, “to dream”)

References

• “خواب”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• “خواب”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.