Appendix:Slovene nouns/nouns that switch gender

In Slovene, it is a common phenomenon that some nouns switch gender either when declining or in all cases altogether, depending on the declension, dialect, and case. In formal contexts, the change occurs in plural, while the dialectal changes occur more sporadically.

Changes in Standard Slovene

First masculine declension

Some nouns of Latin origin can in plural alternatively change to neuter and follow first neuter declension, but these forms are of very high register and are not common in everyday use.

First masculine declension (hard o-stem, inanimate) , fixed accent, changes to first neuter declension in plural
nom. sing.	abstrȃkt
gen. sing.	abstrȃkta
	singular	dual	plural
nominative imenovȃlnik	abstrȃkt	abstrȃkta	abstrȃkta
genitive rodȋlnik	abstrȃkta	abstrȃkt	abstrȃkt
dative dajȃlnik	abstrȃktu, abstrȃkti	abstrȃktoma, abstrȃktama	abstrȃktom, abstrȃktam
accusative tožȋlnik	abstrȃkt	abstrȃkti	abstrȃkta
locative mẹ̑stnik	abstrȃktu, abstrȃkti	abstrȃktih, abstrȃktah	abstrȃktih, abstrȃktah
instrumental orọ̑dnik	abstrȃktom	abstrȃktoma, abstrȃktama	abstrȃkti
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	abstrȃkt	abstrȃkta	abstrȃkta

Second masculine declension

All nouns following second masculine declension are usually because of its similarity with first feminine declension feminized in dual and plural, but this is evident only in binding adjectives, numerals and pronouns as the endings and accents stay the same, i. e. tȋste vọ̑dje (feminized) vs. tȋsti vọ̑dje (masculine). Colloquially, they are also feminized in all cases except for nominative and vocative in singular, i. e. s tȋsto vọ̑djo (feminized) vs. s tȋstim vọ̑djo (masculine).

First neuter declension

Some mixed accented nouns following first neuter declension alternatively change to being masculine with -ov- infix in dual and plural:

First neuter declension (hard o-stem) , long mixed accent, changes to first masculine declension in dual and plural with -ov- infix
nom. sing.	blagọ̑
gen. sing.	blagȃ
	singular	dual	plural
nominative imenovȃlnik	blagọ̑	blagȏva	blagȏvi
genitive rodȋlnik	blagȃ	blagóv	blagóv
dative dajȃlnik	blȃgu, blȃgi	blagȏvoma, blagȏvama	blagȏvom, blagȏvam
accusative tožȋlnik	blagọ̑	blagȏva	blagȏve
locative mẹ̑stnik	blȃgu, blȃgi	blagȏvih, blagȏvah	blagȏvih, blagȏvah
instrumental orọ̑dnik	blȃgom	blagȏvoma, blagȏvama	blagȏvi
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	blagọ̑	blagȏva	blagȏvi

One case examples

• Noun okọ̑ when meaning 'eye' has plural očȋ, which further declines as a regular feminine i-stem noun with mixed accent.
• Noun pọ̄t has alternatively a stylistically marked plural and dual forms following neuter o-stem declension: pọ̑ti and pọ̑ta.
• Noun dnȍ has preferred masculine form in genitive dual/plural.

First neuter declension (hard o-stem) , fixed accent, -s- infix, showing signs of Slavic first palatalization, change of -o to -e, in plural has form očȋ, following second feminine declension
nom. sing.	okọ̑
gen. sing.	očẹ̑sa
	singular	dual	plural
nominative imenovȃlnik	okọ̑	očẹ̑si	očȋ
genitive rodȋlnik	očẹ̑sa	očī	očī
dative dajȃlnik	očẹ̑su, očẹ̑si	očẹ̑soma, očẹ̑sama	očẹ̄m
accusative tožȋlnik	okọ̑	očẹ̑si	očȋ
locative mẹ̑stnik	očẹ̑su, očẹ̑si	očẹ́h	očẹ́h
instrumental orọ̑dnik	očẹ̑som	očẹ̑soma, očẹ̑sama	očmí
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	okọ̑	očẹ̑si	očȋ

First masculine declension (hard o-stem, inanimate) , fixed accent, following first neuter declension in dual and plural, except in genitive
nom. sing.	pọ̑t
gen. sing.	pọ̑ta
	singular	dual	plural
nominative imenovȃlnik	pọ̑t	pọ̑ti	pọ̑ta
genitive rodȋlnik	pọ̑ta	pọ̑tov	pọ̑tov
dative dajȃlnik	pọ̑tu, pọ̑ti	pọ̑toma, pọ̑tama	pọ̑tom, pọ̑tam
accusative tožȋlnik	pọ̑t	pọ̑ti	pọ̑ta
locative mẹ̑stnik	pọ̑tu, pọ̑ti	pọ̑tih, pọ̑tah	pọ̑tih, pọ̑tah
instrumental orọ̑dnik	pọ̑tom	pọ̑toma, pọ̑tama	pọ̑ti
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	pọ̑t	pọ̑ti	pọ̑ta

First neuter declension (hard o-stem) , short ending accent, genitive dual/plural dnȍv/dnóv, locative plural dnẹ́h or dnȉh, instrumental plural dní
nom. sing.	dnȍ
gen. sing.	dnȁ
	singular	dual	plural
nominative imenovȃlnik	dnȍ	dnȉ	dnȁ
genitive rodȋlnik	dnȁ	dnȍv, dnóv, dán	dnȍv, dnóv, dán
dative dajȃlnik	dnȕ dnȉ	dnōma	dnȍm, dnȁm
accusative tožȋlnik	dnȍ	dnȉ	dnȁ
locative mẹ̑stnik	dnȕ, dnȉ	dnẹ́h, dnȉh	dnẹ́h, dnȉh
instrumental orọ̑dnik	dnȍm	dnōma	dní
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	dnȍ	dnȉ	dnȁ

Fourth feminine or fourth neutral declension

Some geographical names in -ski or -ški derived from adjectives can either be feminine or neuter (following the respective fourth declensions), however some form is generally preferred. In some common names, such as Dolẹ́njska, the usual form is feminine while other form Dolẹ̑njsko is used very rarely and is mostly limited to forms with preposition, e. g. na Dolẹ̑njskem.

Dialectal changes

In many dialects, neuter nouns are either feminized or masculinized. However, the full masculinization of feminization does not always occur and nouns often keep the neuter endings. These are not detailed on each entry separately, except for the noun deklȅ as it is mentioned in Slovenska Slovnica that the noun can be feminine in Standard Slovene. A separate entry and declension table is only added if the noun can be fully masculinized or feminized (e. g. mlék and píva (non-tonal diacritics), respectively).