Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-naną
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
Reconstructed by Ringe[1] from an alternating suffix *-nō- (singular) ~ *-na- (nonsingular), from Proto-Indo-European *-néh₂- ~ *-nh₂-, from n-infix presents to laryngeal-final roots that were reanalysed as a separate suffix (as in several other branches).
Pronunciation
Verb
*-naną
- Forms fientive verbs, with a sense of 'to become (the base)'.
Inflection
These verbs are always intransitive, so there are no passive forms. They seemed to have originally lacked a past participle as well.
Conjugation of *-naną (weak class 4)
Derived terms
Descendants
This suffix was preserved as a separate class only in Gothic. In Old High German, it mostly merged with the third weak class, while in the other descendants it merged with the second weak class.
- Old English: -nian
- Old High German: -nen
- Old Norse: -na
- Icelandic: -na
- Faroese: -na
- Norwegian:
- Swedish: -na
- Danish: -ne
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- Gothic: -𐌽𐌰𐌽 (-nan)
References
- ^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN