Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fedwōr

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From pre-Grimm *petwṓr, with an irregular consonant change from *kʷetwṓr, the neuter form of Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwóres. The consonant change was probably caused by the influence of the p- in "five".

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɸeð.wɔːr/

Numeral

cardinal number

4	Previous:	*þrīz
	Next:	*fimf

*fedwōr (ordinal *fedurþô)

1. four

Inflection

The declension for all three genders is identical.

Declension of *fedwōr (irregular)

	all genders
	plural
nominative	*fedwōr
accusative	*fedwōr
genitive	*fedurǫ̂
dative	*fedurmaz
instrumental	*fedurmiz

Derived terms

• *fedwōr tigiwiz

Related terms

• *feþur-

Descendants

In North and West Germanic, the form lost its -d-, from which the attested forms are descended. In Old Norse, this would have given *fjór, but plural adjective endings were then added to this form.

• Proto-West Germanic: *feuwar
  • Old English: fēower, fēowor, fēowur — West Saxon
    • Middle English: four, fore, feour, fower, fowwre, foure, fowr, vour
      • English: four
      • Geordie English: fower
      • Scots: fower
      • Yola: vour, voure, vowre
  • Old Frisian: fiūwer
    • North Frisian:

      Föhr-Amrum: fjauer

      Goesharde: fjauer

      Helgoland: schtjuur

      Mooring: fjouer

      Sylt: fjuur

      Wiedingharde: fjauer

    • Saterland Frisian: fjauer
    • West Frisian: fjouwer
  • Old Saxon: fiuwar, fiwar, fior
    • Middle Low German: vêr
      • Low German:
        • Dutch Low Saxon: vier, veer
        • German Low German: veer (Hamburgisch)
          • Westphalian:

            Münsterländisch: veer

            East Westphalian: veier (Paderbornisch), fåir' (Ravensbergisch)

      • Plautdietsch: vea
  • Old Dutch: *fiuwar (found in toponym Viuwarflet now called Viervliet), *fior, fier
    • Middle Dutch: vier
      • Dutch: vier
        • Afrikaans: vier
  • Old High German: fior
    • Middle High German: vier
      • Alemannic German: vier
      • Bavarian:

        Cimbrian: viare

        Mòcheno: viar

      • Central Franconian: vier

        Hunsrik: fier

      • German: vier
      • Luxembourgish: véier
      • Pennsylvania German: vier
      • Vilamovian: fiyr
      • Yiddish: פֿיר (fir)
• Old Norse: fjórir
  • Icelandic: fjórir
  • Faroese: fýra
  • Norn: fyre
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: fjore (archaic, Høgnorsk)
  • Elfdalian: fyra
  • Old Swedish: fiūrir, fiūri, fȳrir, fȳri
    • Swedish: fyra
  • Old Danish: fiūræ, fiūghræ, fȳræ, firæ
    • Danish: fire
      • Norwegian Bokmål: fire
        • → Norwegian Nynorsk: fire
• Gothic: 𐍆𐌹𐌳𐍅𐍉𐍂 (fidwōr)
• Crimean Gothic: fyder