Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skakaną

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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kek- (“to shake, stir”), with unexpected -k- instead of -h-, either through contamination or back-formation from the iterative *skakkōną (“to shake”).[1]

Pronunciation

Verb

*skakaną

  1. to swing
  2. to shake
  3. to escape

Inflection

Conjugation of *skakaną (strong class 6)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *skakō *skakaų — *skakai ?
2nd singular *skakizi *skakaiz *skak *skakazai *skakaizau
3rd singular *skakidi *skakai *skakadau *skakadai *skakaidau
1st dual *skakōz *skakaiw — — —
2nd dual *skakadiz *skakaidiz *skakadiz — —
1st plural *skakamaz *skakaim — *skakandai *skakaindau
2nd plural *skakid *skakaid *skakid *skakandai *skakaindau
3rd plural *skakandi *skakain *skakandau *skakandai *skakaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *skōk *skōkį̄
2nd singular *skōht *skōkīz
3rd singular *skōk *skōkī
1st dual *skōkū *skōkīw
2nd dual *skōkudiz *skōkīdiz
1st plural *skōkum *skōkīm
2nd plural *skōkud *skōkīd
3rd plural *skōkun *skōkīn
present past
participles *skakandz *skakanaz

Descendants

  • Old English: sċacan, sċeacan
  • Old Frisian: skeka
  • Old Saxon: skakan
  • Old Dutch: *skakan
  • (Old High German: skahhon, skahhōn, scachōn)
  • Old Norse: skaka (skakra)
    • Icelandic: skaka
    • Faroese: skaka
    • Norwegian Bokmål: skake
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: skaka
    • Old Swedish: skaka
    • Danish: skage
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References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
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