Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stāną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
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The present stem derives from a Pre-Germanic j-present, *sth₂-yé/ó-, from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-. Because it represents a formation known in Indo-European times, it may have been inherited. The past stem derives from an innovated extended form of the root, Pre-Germanic perfect singular *stéh₂-t-, nonsingular *sth₂-t-´. The process that led to this extension is unknown, however.
Pronunciation
Verb
*stāną
- to stand
Inflection
Irregular; the present is similar to verbs of weak class 3-ā. The past tense forms are shared with the synonymous verb *standaną.
Conjugation of *stāną (irregular)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *stō | ? | — | — | — |
| 2nd singular | *staisi | ? | *stai | — | — |
| 3rd singular | *staiþi | ? | *stāþau | — | — |
| 1st dual | *stōs | ? | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *stāþiz | ? | *stāþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *stāmaz | ? | — | — | — |
| 2nd plural | *staiþ | ? | *staiþ | — | — |
| 3rd plural | *stānþi | ? | *stānþau | — | — |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *stōþ | *stōdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *stōst | *stōdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *stōþ | *stōdī | |||
| 1st dual | *stōdū | *stōdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *stōdudiz | *stōdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *stōdum | *stōdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *stōdud | *stōdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *stōdun | *stōdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *stāndz | *stadanaz | |||
Synonyms
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *stān
- Old Norse: *stá
- Faroese: stá
- Norwegian:
- Old Swedish: sta, stā
- Swedish: stå
- Danish: stå
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