Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ubilaz
 |
This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *h₂upélos from *h₂wep-, *h₂wap- (“bad”). Cognate with Old Irish fel (“bad”), Hittite [script needed] (huwap(p)-/hup(p)-, “to mistreat”).
Alternative etymology traces *ubilaz to Proto-Indo-European *upélos (“evil”, literally “going over or beyond (acceptable limits)”), from Proto-Indo-European *upo, *up, *eup (“down, up, over”)..
Pronunciation
Adjective
*ubilaz (adverb *wirsiz, comparative *wirsizô, superlative *wirsistaz)
Inflection
Declension of *ubilaz (a-stem)
| Strong declension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *ubilaz | *ubilai | *ubilō | *ubilôz | *ubilą, -atō | *ubilō |
| Accusative | *ubilanǭ | *ubilanz | *ubilǭ | *ubilōz | *ubilą, -atō | *ubilō |
| Genitive | *ubilas, -is | *ubilaizǫ̂ | *ubilaizōz | *ubilaizǫ̂ | *ubilas, -is | *ubilaizǫ̂ |
| Dative | *ubilammai | *ubilaimaz | *ubilaizōi | *ubilaimaz | *ubilammai | *ubilaimaz |
| Instrumental | *ubilanō | *ubilaimiz | *ubilaizō | *ubilaimiz | *ubilanō | *ubilaimiz |
| Weak declension | ||||||
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *ubilô | *ubilaniz | *ubilǭ | *ubilōniz | *ubilô | *ubilōnō |
| Accusative | *ubilanų | *ubilanunz | *ubilōnų | *ubilōnunz | *ubilô | *ubilōnō |
| Genitive | *ubiliniz | *ubilanǫ̂ | *ubilōniz | *ubilōnǫ̂ | *ubiliniz | *ubilanǫ̂ |
| Dative | *ubilini | *ubilammaz | *ubilōni | *ubilōmaz | *ubilini | *ubilammaz |
| Instrumental | *ubilinē | *ubilammiz | *ubilōnē | *ubilōmiz | *ubilinē | *ubilammiz |