Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dóru

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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Some argue that it is a deadjectival noun of *deru-, *drew- (“hard, firm, strong, solid”) with reflexes as Latin dūrus (“hard, rough”), Old English trum (“strong, firm”), Old Armenian տրամ (tram, “firm, solid”), and Ancient Greek δροόν (droón, “strong, mighty”).

Noun

*dóru n[1]

  1. tree

Inflection

Athematic, proterokinetic
singular
nominative *dóru
genitive *dréws
singular dual plural
nominative *dóru *dórwih₁ *dóruh₂
vocative *dóru *dórwih₁ *dóruh₂
accusative *dóru *dórwih₁ *dóruh₂
genitive *dréws *? *dréwoHom
ablative *dréws *? *drúmos
dative *dréwey *? *drúmos
locative *dréw, *dréwi *? *drúsu
instrumental *drúh₁ *? *drúmis

Descendants

  • Proto-Anatolian: *dōru-[2]
  • Proto-Hellenic: *dóru (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dā́ru (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Tocharian: *or[3]
    • Lua error in Module:etymology/templates/descendant at line 287: You specified a term in 4= and not one in 3=. You probably meant to use t= to specify a gloss instead. If you intended to specify two terms, put the second term in 3=.
    • Lua error in Module:etymology/templates/descendant at line 287: You specified a term in 4= and not one in 3=. You probably meant to use t= to specify a gloss instead. If you intended to specify two terms, put the second term in 3=., ārwa (“firewood”, pl.)

Derived terms

  • *dérw-i-s
    • Proto-Anatolian:
      • Luwian: [script needed] (tarwi(iya)-, “wooden beam”)
    • Proto-Armenian:
      • Old Armenian: տորգ (torg, “*wooden framework; weaving, fabric, net”)
        • Armenian: տորգ (torg, “wooden framework”)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dárwiš
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dárwiṣ
        • Lua error in Module:etymology/templates/descendant at line 287: You specified a term in 4= and not one in 3=. You probably meant to use t= to specify a gloss instead. If you intended to specify two terms, put the second term in 3=.
  • *derw-ó-m[4][5]
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *dérwa[4] (see there for further descendants)
    • Lua error in Module:etymology/templates/descendant at line 287: You specified a term in 4= and not one in 3=. You probably meant to use t= to specify a gloss instead. If you intended to specify two terms, put the second term in 3=.[5]
    • Lua error in Module:etymology/templates/descendant at line 287: You specified a term in 4= and not one in 3=. You probably meant to use t= to specify a gloss instead. If you intended to specify two terms, put the second term in 3=.[6]
  • *dréw-o-m[7]
    • Lua error in Module:etymology/templates/descendant at line 287: You specified a term in 4= and not one in 3=. You probably meant to use t= to specify a gloss instead. If you intended to specify two terms, put the second term in 3=.[7] (see there for further descendants)
      • (possibly) ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *trewwō[7] (see there for further descendants)
  • *dréwh₂-no-m
  • *drw(h₂)-ó-s (collective)[8][9]
    • Proto-Albanian: *druwa
      • Lua error in Module:etymology/templates/descendant at line 287: You specified a term in 4= and not one in 3=. You probably meant to use t= to specify a gloss instead. If you intended to specify two terms, put the second term in 3=.
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
      • Lua error in Module:etymology/templates/descendant at line 287: You specified a term in 4= and not one in 3=. You probably meant to use t= to specify a gloss instead. If you intended to specify two terms, put the second term in 3=.[8]
    • Proto-Celtic: *daru (oblique case of *darwos)[9] (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Hellenic:
      • Lua error in Module:etymology/templates/descendant at line 287: You specified a term in 4= and not one in 3=. You probably meant to use t= to specify a gloss instead. If you intended to specify two terms, put the second term in 3=. (see there for further descendants)
  • *dru-kós[10]
    • (probably) Lua error in Module:etymology/templates/descendant at line 287: You specified a term in 4= and not one in 3=. You probably meant to use t= to specify a gloss instead. If you intended to specify two terms, put the second term in 3=.
  • *dru-mos[11]
  • *dru-k-tó-m[5]
    • Proto-Celtic: *druxtom[5]
      • Lua error in Module:etymology/templates/descendant at line 287: You specified a term in 4= and not one in 3=. You probably meant to use t= to specify a gloss instead. If you intended to specify two terms, put the second term in 3=.
  • *dr̥w-eh₂ló-s
    • Proto-Anatolian:
      • Luwian: [script needed] (taruu̯al-, “mortar”)
      • Hittite: [script needed] (taru̯āli-, “pestle(?)”)
      • → Old Armenian: տարգալ (targal)
  • *sm̥-dVru-[12]
    • Proto-Armenian:
      • (possibly) Lua error in Module:etymology/templates/descendant at line 287: You specified a term in 4= and not one in 3=. You probably meant to use t= to specify a gloss instead. If you intended to specify two terms, put the second term in 3=.

References

  1. ^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
  2. ^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “tāru-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 849
  3. ^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) “*drъvo”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, pages 122-123: “*deru-o-”
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Delamarre, Xavier (2003) “*derwo-”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 96: “*derw-o-”
  6. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*terwa/ōn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 514: “*der-uo/eh₂-”
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*trewa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 522: “*dréu-o-”
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) “*drъvo”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, pages 122-123: “*dru(H)-o-”
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Delamarre, Xavier (2003) “*daru-”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 91: “*drw-os”
  10. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*truka-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 523: “*dru-kós”
  11. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*truma- 1”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 524: “*dru-mo-”
  12. ^ Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) “antaṙ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, pages 95-96
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