Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/gʰr̥dʰás
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This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-Iranian
Etymology
2=gʰerdʰPlease see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.
From Proto-Indo-European *gʰr̥dʰ-ó-s, from *gʰerdʰ- (“to enclose”).[1]
Noun
*gʰr̥dʰás m
Declension
| masculine a-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative | *gʰr̥dʰás | *gʰr̥dʰā́ | *gʰr̥dʰā́, -ā́s(as) |
| vocative | *gʰr̥dʰa | *gʰr̥dʰā́ | *gʰr̥dʰā́, -ā́s(as) |
| accusative | *gʰr̥dʰám | *gʰr̥dʰā́ | *gʰr̥dʰā́ns |
| instrumental | *gʰr̥dʰā́ | *gʰr̥dʰáybʰyaH, -ā́bʰyām | *gʰr̥dʰā́yš |
| ablative | *gʰr̥dʰā́t | *gʰr̥dʰáybʰyaH, -ā́bʰyām | *gʰr̥dʰáybʰyas |
| dative | *gʰr̥dʰā́y | *gʰr̥dʰáybʰyaH, -ā́bʰyām | *gʰr̥dʰáybʰyas |
| genitive | *gʰr̥dʰásya | *gʰr̥dʰáyās | *gʰr̥dʰā́na(H)m |
| locative | *gʰr̥dʰáy | *gʰr̥dʰáyaw | *gʰr̥dʰáyšu |
Descendants
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gʰr̥dʰás
- Sanskrit: गृह (gṛhá, “house”)
- Ashokan Prakrit: *𑀕𑀭𑁆𑀳 (*garha) (see there for further descendants)
- Dardic:
- Pali: gaha, ghara
- → Khmer: ឃរ (khɔɔ) (learned)
- → Bengali: গৃহ (grihô) (learned)
- → Hindustani: (learned)
- Hindi: गृह (gŕh)
- → Kannada: ಗೃಹ (gṛha) (learned)
- → Malay: gerha (learned)
- Indonesian: gerha
- → Malayalam: ഗൃഹം (gr̥haṁ), കിരിയം (kiriyaṁ) (learned)
- → Nepali: गृह (gr̥ha) (learned)
- → Old Javanese: gṛha, gerha, greha, griya (learned)
- → Old Javanese: ghāra (“wife”)
- → Old Khmer: graha (learned)
- Khmer: គ្រឹហា (krɨhaa)
- → Odia: ଗୃହ (gruha) (learned)
- → Tamil: கிரகம் (kirakam), கிருகம் (kirukam)
- → Telugu: గృహము (gr̥hamu) (learned)
- → Thai: คฤห (krʉ́) (learned)
- Sanskrit: गृह (gṛhá, “house”)
- Proto-Iranian: *gr̥dáh[2]
- Avestan: 𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀 (gərəδa, “daeva cave”)
- Old Persian: *gr̥daʰ (/household slaves/)[1]
- Middle Persian: (“the gang, the villeins labouring on the estates of the kings, the satraps, the magnates, etc.; in war their military crew”)
- Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (gʾl /gāl/)
- → Akkadian: 𒃼𒁺 (qardu; gardu); disputed more likely from 𒃼𒁺 (/gardu/, “soldier, military personnel, trooper”)
- → Aramaic: גרדא (grdʾ)
- → Elamite: 𒆳𒌨 (kurtaš)
- Middle Persian: (“the gang, the villeins labouring on the estates of the kings, the satraps, the magnates, etc.; in war their military crew”)
- Persian: کرت (kart, “plot, field, patch”)
- → Old Armenian: գերդաստան (gerdastan, “body of servants and captives”)
- Armenian: գերդաստան (gerdastan)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) “gerdastan”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 209
- ^ Nyberg, H. S. (1974) “gāl”, in A Manual of Pahlavi, Part II: Glossary, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, page 80ab