Reconstruction:Proto-Austronesian/duSa

This Proto-Austronesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Austronesian

**Proto-Austronesian cardinal numbers**
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Cardinal : *duSa

Etymology

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term. Combination of *du- +‎ *əsa, which means dual *əsa. The root of the word *du- has "dualism" meanings.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /dusa/

Numeral

*duSa

two

Descendants

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian: *duha
- Barito:
  - Malagasy: roa
- Proto-Philippine: *dua
  - Aklanon: daywa
  - Central Bikol: duwa
  - Cebuano: duha
  - Hiligaynon: duha
  - Ilocano: dua
  - Southwest Palawano: dua
  - Tagalog: dalawa
  - Waray-Waray: duha
- Sama-Bajaw:
  - West Coast Bajau: duo
- Old Javanese: rwa, ro
  - → Balinese: ᬭ᭄ᬯ (rua)
  - Javanese: roro, loro
  - → Balinese: ro
- Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:
  - Bali-Sasak-Sumbawan:
    - Sasak: due
    - Sumbawa: due
  - Madura-Kangean:
    - Madurese: ḍuwâ
  - Proto-Malayo-Chamic:
    - Proto-Malayic: *dua(ʔ)
      - Ibanic
        Iban: dua
      - Banjarese: dua
      - Brunei Malay: dua
      - Malay: dua
        Indonesian: dua
      - Minangkabau: duo
      - Urak Lawoi': ดูวา (duwa)
  - Proto-South Sulawesi:
    - Buginese: ᨉᨘᨓ (dua)
  - Sundanese: dua
- Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:
  - Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:
    - Proto-Oceanic: *rua
      - Central-Eastern Oceanic:
        Fijian: rua
        Proto-Micronesian: *rua
        Nuclear Micronesian:
        Marshallese: ruo
        Kosraean: lo
        Gilbertese: ua
        Chuukic-Pohnpeic:
        Proto-Chuukic: *rúwa
        Chuukese: rúúw
        Puluwat: rúúw
        Carolinian: rúúw
        Satawalese: ruwa
        Ulithian-Woleaian:
        Woleaian: rúúwe
        Echangese:
        Purepecha: lie
        Pohnpeic:
        Pohnpeian: ri
        Mokilese: ria
        Proto-Polynesian: *rua
        Proto-Nuclear Polynesian: *lua
        Proto-Eastern Polynesian: *rua
        Marquesic:
        Hawaiian: lua
        South Marquesan: 'ua
        Tahitic:
        Tahitian: rua
        Māori: rua
        Rapa Nui: rua
        Samoic-Outlier:
        Ellician:
        Tuvaluan: lua
        Futunic:
        Wallisian: lua
        Samoic:
        Samoan: lua
        Tokelauan: lua
        Tongic: *ua
        Niuean: ua
        Tongan: ua
        Rotuman: rua
      - Southern Oceanic:
        North-Central Vanuatu: *rua
        Hiw: vir̄ö
        Mwotlap: vōyō
        Larëvat: iru
        South Efate: inru
      - Yapese: ruw
    - Sumba-Flores:
      - Palu'e: rua
    - Timor-Babar:
      - Tetum: rua

References

Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*duSa”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI