Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/argantom

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ŕ̥ǵn̥tom (“silver”), with the development *h₂ > *a /#_r̥C-, paralleling the outcome of *h₂ŕ̥tḱos > Proto-Celtic *artos (“bear”).^[1] However, Matasović, following Delamarre, argues that a zero-grade would yield Proto-Celtic **riganto-, and instead posits full-grade *h₂erǵn̥t-o-m.^[2]^[3]^[4]

Noun

*argantom n^[5]

silver

Declension

Neuter o-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*argantom	*argantou	*argantā
vocative	*argantom	*argantou	*argantā
accusative	*argantom	*argantou	*argantā
genitive	*argantī	*argantous	*argantom
dative	*argantūi	*argantobom	*argantobos
locative	*argantei	*?	*?
instrumental	*argantū	*argantobim	*argantūis

Descendants

Proto-Brythonic: *arɣant
- Old Breton: argant
  - Middle Breton: archant
    - Breton: arc'hant
- Old Cornish: argans
  - Middle Cornish: arhans
    - Cornish: arghans
- Old Welsh: argant
  - Middle Welsh: ariant
    - Welsh: arian
Old Irish: argat
- Irish: airgead
- Manx: argid
- Scottish Gaelic: airgead
Gaulish: arganto-, *arganton
Celtiberian: arkanta, arkato-

References

^ Schumacher, Stefan; Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004), Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Meid, →ISBN, page 135: “uridg. *h₂rĝnto- ‘Silber’”
^ Delamarre, Xavier (2003), “*arganto-”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 41: “h₂erǵnto-"”
^ Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*arganto-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 41: “PIE: *h₂erg-nt-o-”
^ Zair, Nicholas (2012), The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Celtic, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 35
^ Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*arganto-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 41

[1] Schumacher, Stefan; Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004), Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Meid, →ISBN, page 135: “uridg. *h₂rĝnto- ‘Silber’”

[2] Delamarre, Xavier (2003), “*arganto-”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 41: “h₂erǵnto-"”

[3] Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*arganto-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 41: “PIE: *h₂erg-nt-o-”

[4] Zair, Nicholas (2012), The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Celtic, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 35

[Matasovic-5] Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*arganto-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 41

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