रजत

See also: रंजातु

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit रजत (rajata).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Hindi) IPA^(key): /ɾə.d͡ʒət̪/, [ɾɐ.d͡ʒɐt̪]

Noun

रजत • (rajat) m (Urdu spelling رجت)

1. white
2. silver

Declension

Declension of रजत (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	रजत rajat	रजत rajat
oblique	रजत rajat	रजतों rajatõ
vocative	रजत rajat	रजतो rajato

Adjective

रजत • (rajat) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling رجت)

1. white
2. silver

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ৰজত (Assamese script)
• ᬭᬚᬢ (Balinese script)
• রজত (Bengali script)
• 𑰨𑰕𑰝 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀭𑀚𑀢 (Brahmi script)
• ရဇတ (Burmese script)
• રજત (Gujarati script)
• ਰਜਤ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌰𑌜𑌤 (Grantha script)
• ꦫꦗꦠ (Javanese script)
• 𑂩𑂔𑂞 (Kaithi script)
• ರಜತ (Kannada script)
• រជត (Khmer script)
• ຣຊຕ (Lao script)
• രജത (Malayalam script)
• ᡵᠠᡯᠠᢠᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘨𑘕𑘝 (Modi script)
• ᠷᠠᠽᠠᢐᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧈𑦵𑦽 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐬𑐖𑐟 (Newa script)
• ରଜତ (Odia script)
• ꢬꢙꢡ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆫𑆘𑆠 (Sharada script)
• 𑖨𑖕𑖝 (Siddham script)
• රජත (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩼𑩣𑩫 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚤𑚑𑚙 (Takri script)
• ரஜத (Tamil script)
• రజత (Telugu script)
• รชต (Thai script)
• ར་ཛ་ཏ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒩𑒖𑒞 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨫𑨥𑨙 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₂erǵ-

Proto-Indo-European *h₂r̥ǵn̥tóm

Sanskrit रजत

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂reǵn̥t-ó-m (“silver”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀𐬙𐬀 (ər^əzata, “silver”), Latin argentum (“silver”). Also related to अर्जुन (arjuna).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɾɐ.d͡ʑɐ.tɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɾɐ.d͡ʑɐ.t̪ɐ/

Adjective

र॒ज॒त • (rajatá) stem

1. white, bright white, silver-coloured (also applied to हिरण्य (hiraṇya) to denote silver the metal, literally meaning "white gold")
   • c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 8.25.22:

     ऋज्रमुक्षण्यायने रजतं हरयाणे ।
     रथं युक्तमसनाम सुषामणि ॥

     ṛjramukṣaṇyāyane rajataṃ harayāṇe.
     rathaṃ yuktamasanāma suṣāmaṇi.

     From Uksanyayana a bay, from Harayana a silvery white steed,
     And from Susaman we obtained a hamessed car.

   • c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda (Taittirīya Saṃhitā) I.5.1:

     यद् अश्र्व् अशीयत तत्
     रजतꣳ हिरण्यम् अभवत् तस्माद् रजतꣳ हिरण्यम् अदक्षिण्यम् अश्रुजꣳ हि

     yad aśrv aśīyata tat
     rajataṃ hiraṇyam abhavat tasmād rajataṃ hiraṇyam adakṣiṇyam aśrujaṃ hi

     The tear that was shed (while crying) became white gold (silver); therefore white gold (silver) is not a suitable gift, for it is born of tears

2. silvery, made of silver

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of र॒ज॒त

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	र॒ज॒तः (rajatáḥ)	र॒ज॒तौ (rajatáu) र॒ज॒ता¹ (rajatā́¹)	र॒ज॒ताः (rajatā́ḥ) र॒ज॒तासः॑¹ (rajatā́saḥ¹)
accusative	र॒ज॒तम् (rajatám)	र॒ज॒तौ (rajatáu) र॒ज॒ता¹ (rajatā́¹)	र॒ज॒तान् (rajatā́n)
instrumental	र॒ज॒तेन॑ (rajaténa)	र॒ज॒ताभ्या॑म् (rajatā́bhyām)	र॒ज॒तैः (rajatáiḥ) र॒ज॒तेभिः॑¹ (rajatébhiḥ¹)
dative	र॒ज॒ताय॑ (rajatā́ya)	र॒ज॒ताभ्या॑म् (rajatā́bhyām)	र॒ज॒तेभ्यः॑ (rajatébhyaḥ)
ablative	र॒ज॒तात् (rajatā́t)	र॒ज॒ताभ्या॑म् (rajatā́bhyām)	र॒ज॒तेभ्यः॑ (rajatébhyaḥ)
genitive	र॒ज॒तस्य॑ (rajatásya)	र॒ज॒तयोः॑ (rajatáyoḥ)	र॒ज॒ताना॑म् (rajatā́nām)
locative	र॒ज॒ते (rajaté)	र॒ज॒तयोः॑ (rajatáyoḥ)	र॒ज॒तेषु॑ (rajatéṣu)
vocative	रज॑त (rájata)	रज॑तौ (rájatau) रज॑ता¹ (rájatā¹)	रज॑ताः (rájatāḥ) रज॑तासः¹ (rájatāsaḥ¹)

• ¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of र॒ज॒ता

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	र॒ज॒ता (rajatā́)	र॒ज॒ते (rajaté)	र॒ज॒ताः (rajatā́ḥ)
accusative	र॒ज॒ताम् (rajatā́m)	र॒ज॒ते (rajaté)	र॒ज॒ताः (rajatā́ḥ)
instrumental	र॒ज॒तया॑ (rajatáyā) र॒ज॒ता¹ (rajatā́¹)	र॒ज॒ताभ्या॑म् (rajatā́bhyām)	र॒ज॒ताभिः॑ (rajatā́bhiḥ)
dative	र॒ज॒तायै॑ (rajatā́yai)	र॒ज॒ताभ्या॑म् (rajatā́bhyām)	र॒ज॒ताभ्यः॑ (rajatā́bhyaḥ)
ablative	र॒ज॒तायाः॑ (rajatā́yāḥ) र॒ज॒तायै॑² (rajatā́yai²)	र॒ज॒ताभ्या॑म् (rajatā́bhyām)	र॒ज॒ताभ्यः॑ (rajatā́bhyaḥ)
genitive	र॒ज॒तायाः॑ (rajatā́yāḥ) र॒ज॒तायै॑² (rajatā́yai²)	र॒ज॒तयोः॑ (rajatáyoḥ)	र॒ज॒ताना॑म् (rajatā́nām)
locative	र॒ज॒ताया॑म् (rajatā́yām)	र॒ज॒तयोः॑ (rajatáyoḥ)	र॒ज॒तासु॑ (rajatā́su)
vocative	रज॑ते (rájate)	रज॑ते (rájate)	रज॑ताः (rájatāḥ)

• ¹Vedic
• ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of र॒ज॒त

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	र॒ज॒तम् (rajatám)	र॒ज॒ते (rajaté)	र॒ज॒तानि॑ (rajatā́ni) र॒ज॒ता¹ (rajatā́¹)
accusative	र॒ज॒तम् (rajatám)	र॒ज॒ते (rajaté)	र॒ज॒तानि॑ (rajatā́ni) र॒ज॒ता¹ (rajatā́¹)
instrumental	र॒ज॒तेन॑ (rajaténa)	र॒ज॒ताभ्या॑म् (rajatā́bhyām)	र॒ज॒तैः (rajatáiḥ) र॒ज॒तेभिः॑¹ (rajatébhiḥ¹)
dative	र॒ज॒ताय॑ (rajatā́ya)	र॒ज॒ताभ्या॑म् (rajatā́bhyām)	र॒ज॒तेभ्यः॑ (rajatébhyaḥ)
ablative	र॒ज॒तात् (rajatā́t)	र॒ज॒ताभ्या॑म् (rajatā́bhyām)	र॒ज॒तेभ्यः॑ (rajatébhyaḥ)
genitive	र॒ज॒तस्य॑ (rajatásya)	र॒ज॒तयोः॑ (rajatáyoḥ)	र॒ज॒ताना॑म् (rajatā́nām)
locative	र॒ज॒ते (rajaté)	र॒ज॒तयोः॑ (rajatáyoḥ)	र॒ज॒तेषु॑ (rajatéṣu)
vocative	रज॑त (rájata)	रज॑ते (rájate)	रज॑तानि (rájatāni) रज॑ता¹ (rájatā¹)

• ¹Vedic

Noun

र॒ज॒त • (rajatá) stem, n

1. silver

   Synonym: रूप्य (rūpya)

   • c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 5.28.1:

     नव प्राणान् नवभिः सं मिमीते दीर्घायुत्वाय शतशारदाय ।
     हरिते त्रीणि रजते त्रीण्ययसि त्रीणि तपसाविष्टितानि ॥

     nava prāṇān navabhiḥ saṃ mimīte dīrghāyutvāya śataśāradāya.
     harite trīṇi rajate trīṇyayasi trīṇi tapasāviṣṭitāni.

     For lengthened life, to last through hundred autumns, they equalize with nine the nine aspirations.
     Three in gold, three in silver, three in iron by heat are stablished in their several places.

2. ivory

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of र॒ज॒त

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	र॒ज॒तम् (rajatám)	र॒ज॒ते (rajaté)	र॒ज॒तानि॑ (rajatā́ni) र॒ज॒ता¹ (rajatā́¹)
accusative	र॒ज॒तम् (rajatám)	र॒ज॒ते (rajaté)	र॒ज॒तानि॑ (rajatā́ni) र॒ज॒ता¹ (rajatā́¹)
instrumental	र॒ज॒तेन॑ (rajaténa)	र॒ज॒ताभ्या॑म् (rajatā́bhyām)	र॒ज॒तैः (rajatáiḥ) र॒ज॒तेभिः॑¹ (rajatébhiḥ¹)
dative	र॒ज॒ताय॑ (rajatā́ya)	र॒ज॒ताभ्या॑म् (rajatā́bhyām)	र॒ज॒तेभ्यः॑ (rajatébhyaḥ)
ablative	र॒ज॒तात् (rajatā́t)	र॒ज॒ताभ्या॑म् (rajatā́bhyām)	र॒ज॒तेभ्यः॑ (rajatébhyaḥ)
genitive	र॒ज॒तस्य॑ (rajatásya)	र॒ज॒तयोः॑ (rajatáyoḥ)	र॒ज॒ताना॑म् (rajatā́nām)
locative	र॒ज॒ते (rajaté)	र॒ज॒तयोः॑ (rajatáyoḥ)	र॒ज॒तेषु॑ (rajatéṣu)
vocative	रज॑त (rájata)	रज॑ते (rájate)	रज॑तानि (rájatāni) रज॑ता¹ (rájatā¹)

• ¹Vedic

Descendants

Terms inherited from रजत (rajata)

• Dardic:
  • Kalasha: rāwa
  • → Proto-Nuristani:
    • Ashkun: arū́, úrə
    • Kamkata-viri: ŕṳ̄, arṳ̄
    • Prasuni: urǘ
    • Tregami: wurṓ
    • Waigali: urḗi
• Pali: rajata
  • → Thai: รชตะ
• Prakrit: 𑀭𑀬𑀤 (rayada), 𑀭𑀬𑀬 (rayaya)
  • Southern Indo-Aryan:
    • Helu Prakrit:
      • Dhivehi: ރިހި (rihi)
      • Sinhalese: රිදී (ridī)

Terms borrowed from रजत (rajata)

• → Acehnese: rajata
• → Bengali: রজত (rojot)
• → Banjarese: rajata
• → Brooke's Point Palawano: radyata
• → Cebuano: ladyata
• → Gorontalo: rajata
• → Hiligaynon: ladyato
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: रजत (rajat)

  Urdu: رَجَتْ (rajat)

• → Ilocano: radiata
• → Javanese: rajata
• → Kannada: ರಜತ (rajata)
• → Malay: rajata
  • Indonesian: rajata
• → Minangkabau: rajata
• → Molbog: rajata
• → Odia: ରଜତ (rajata)
• → Old Gujarati: रजत (rajata)
  • Gujarati: રજત (rajat)
• → Punjabi:

  Gurmukhi script: ਰਜਤ (rajat)

  Shahmukhi script: رَجَتْ (rajat)

• → Sasak: rajata
• → Sundanese: rajata
• → Tamil: இரசிதம் (iracitam)
• → Telugu: రజత (rajata)
• → Tulu: ರಜತ (rajata)
• → Waray-Waray: ladyata
• → Wolio: rajata

References

• Monier Williams (1899), “रजत”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 863, column 1.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 425-6
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “rajatá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 612