Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/badją

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Uncertain;^[1] possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰodʰh₂-yó-m (“dug-out plot of land”), from *bʰedʰh₂- (“to dig, burrow; to pierce, stab”) +‎ *-yóm^[2] (the supposed intermediate meaning would be paralleled in Proto-Celtic *bedom (“ditch, grave”) and explain the sense “flowerbed” in West Germanic); or perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *bʰh₁-tó-s (“warm”), from *bʰeh₁- (“to warm”) +‎ *-tós, whence *baþą (“bath”),^[1] Dutch betten (“to warm up”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbɑð.jɑ̃/

Noun

*badją n^[2]

bed
bedding, cushion
(West Germanic and originally?) plot of ground

Inflection

Declension of *badją (neuter ja-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*badją	*badjō
vocative	*badją	*badjō
accusative	*badją	*badjō
genitive	badjas, badis	*badjǫ̂
dative	*badjai	*badjamaz
instrumental	*badjō	*badjamiz

Derived terms

*badjô, *gabadjô
*badjǭ, *gabadjǭ

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *badi
- Old English: bedd, bed, bædd
  - Middle English: bed, bedd (uncommon), bæd (Early Middle English), bedde, bede (Late Middle English)
    - English: bed
    - Middle Scots: bed, bede
      - Scots: bed
- Old Frisian: bedd
  - North Frisian: baad (Föhr-Amrum), beed (Mooring), Bēr (Sylt)
  - Saterland Frisian: Bääd
  - West Frisian: bêd
- Old Saxon: bed, bedd, beddi
  - Middle Low German: bedde
    - Low German: Bett, Bedd
      - Dutch Low Saxon: bedde
      - German Low German: Bedd
        Plautdietsch: Bad, Bed
    - → Icelandic: beddi
- Old Dutch: beddi
  - Middle Dutch: bedde
    - Dutch: bed
      - Afrikaans: bed
      - Berbice Creole Dutch: bedi
      - Negerhollands: bet, bedi, bere, bedde
        → Virgin Islands Creole: bedi (archaic)
      - Skepi Creole Dutch: bede
      - → Caribbean Javanese: bèt
      - →? Mohegan-Pequot: beed
      - → Papiamentu: bèt, bèchi, bèrchi, bed
      - → Saramaccan: bédi
      - →? Sranan Tongo: bedi
        → Caribbean Hindustani: bedi
        → Caribbean Javanese: bèḍi
        → Kari'na: bedi
    - Limburgish: bèd
    - → French: bedde (“matress”) (dialectal)
- Old High German: betti, beti
  - Middle High German: bette, bete, bet
    - Alemannic German: Bett
      Swabian: Bedd
    - Bavarian:
      Cimbrian: pett
    - German: Bett (“bed”), Beet (“flowerbed”)
      - → Danish: bed
        Norwegian Bokmål: bed
    - Luxembourgish: Bett
    - Rhine Franconian:
      Pennsylvania German: Bett
    - Vilamovian: bet
Old Norse: beðr m (“bolster, bedding”)
- Icelandic: beður m, beð n
- Faroese: beður m, beð n
- Norwegian:
  - Norwegian Nynorsk: bedd
- Old Swedish: *bädh, bädhil
  - Swedish: bädd c
    - → Finnish: peti
Gothic: 𐌱𐌰𐌳𐌹 (badi)
→ Proto-Finnic: *patja (“pillow, mattress”) (see there for further descendants)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009), “bed”, in An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 201 of 33-34
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*badja-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 46