Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/burþiz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

• *burdiz

Etymology

From the oblique stem of Proto-Indo-European *bʰértis, from *bʰer- (“to bear”). Equivalent to *beraną +‎ *-þiz. Compare Sanskrit भृति (bhṛti, “bearing”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbur.θiz/

Noun

*burþiz f

1. bearing, carrying
2. pregnancy
3. birth

Inflection

The oblique has the voiced Verner alternant.

Declension of *burþiz (i-stem)

	singular	plural
nominative	*burþiz	*burþīz
vocative	*burþi	*burþīz
accusative	*burþį	*burþīnz
genitive	*burdīz	*burdijǫ̂
dative	*burdī	*burdimaz
instrumental	*burdī	*burdimiz

Derived terms

• *fraburþiz
• *gaburþiz

Related terms

• *burþį̄

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *burþi
  • Old English: byrd, (all rare and probably Norse-influenced) byrþ, berþ, beorþ
    • Middle English: birth, byrth, birthe, byrthe; ^? beard (“bearing, conduct”), bærde
      • English: birth
      • Scots: birth
  • Old Frisian: berde, berd, berthe (“birth, fruit”)
    • Saterland Frisian: Bäide
    • West Frisian: berte
  • Old Saxon: *burd
    • Middle Low German: bord, bōrt
      • German Low German: Boort
  • Old Dutch: *burt
    • Middle Dutch: boort, boorte
      • Dutch: boorte
  • Old High German: burt (“shape, being, birth”)
    • Middle High German: burt
      • German: Burt
• Old Norse: *byrðr, burðr
  • Icelandic: burður
  • Faroese: burður
  • Norwegian:

    Norwegian Bokmål: byrd

    Norwegian Nynorsk: burd

  • Old Swedish: byrþ, byrþe, biurdh, børdh, ᛒᛦᚱᚦ
    • Swedish: börda
  • Danish: byrd
  • Old Gutnish: byrþ