Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gladōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *gladaz (“bright, smooth, cheerful”) +‎ *-ōną.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɣlɑ.ðɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*gladōną

1. to make cheerful
2. to smoothen

Inflection

Conjugation of *gladōną (weak class 2)

	active voice				passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative		indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*gladō	*gladǭ	—		*gladōi	?
2nd singular	*gladōsi	*gladōs	*gladō		*gladōsai	*gladōsau
3rd singular	*gladōþi	*gladō	*gladōþau		*gladōþai	*gladōþau
1st dual	*gladōs	*gladōw	—		—	—
2nd dual	*gladōþiz	*gladōþiz	*gladōþiz		—	—
1st plural	*gladōmaz	*gladōm	—		*gladōnþai	*gladōnþau
2nd plural	*gladōþ	*gladōþ	*gladōþ		*gladōnþai	*gladōnþau
3rd plural	*gladōnþi	*gladōn	*gladōnþau		*gladōnþai	*gladōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*gladōdǭ	*gladōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*gladōdēz	*gladōdēdīz
3rd singular	*gladōdē	*gladōdēdī
1st dual	*gladōdēdū	*gladōdēdīw
2nd dual	*gladōdēdudiz	*gladōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*gladōdēdum	*gladōdēdīm
2nd plural	*gladōdēdud	*gladōdēdīd
3rd plural	*gladōdēdun	*gladōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*gladōndz	*gladōdaz

Related terms

• *gladjaną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *gladōn
  • Old English: gladian
    • Middle English: gladen
      • English: glad (archaic)
  • Old Frisian: *gledia
    • West Frisian: gledzje
  • Old Dutch: *gladon
    • Middle Dutch: *gladden
      • Dutch: gladden (backformed to the adjective)
• Old Norse: glaða
  • Icelandic: glaða