Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rōkijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *rōkaz (“care”) +‎ *-ijaną,^[1] the former from a Proto-Indo-European *h₂reh₁ǵ- (“to help”) and compared with Ancient Greek ἀρήγω (arḗgō, “to aid; to ward off”).^[2]^[3]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈrɔː.ki.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*rōkijaną

to care, care for, take care of
to mind, heed, attend to

Conjugation

Conjugation of *rōkijaną (weak class 1)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*rōkijō	*rōkijaų	—	*rōkijai	?
2nd singular	*rōkīsi	*rōkijais	*rōkī	*rōkijasai	*rōkijaisau
3rd singular	*rōkīþi	*rōkijai	*rōkijaþau	*rōkijaþai	*rōkijaiþau
1st dual	*rōkijōs	*rōkijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*rōkijaþiz	*rōkijaiþiz	*rōkijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*rōkijamaz	*rōkijaim	—	*rōkijanþai	*rōkijainþau
2nd plural	*rōkīþ	*rōkijaiþ	*rōkīþ	*rōkijanþai	*rōkijainþau
3rd plural	*rōkijanþi	*rōkijain	*rōkijanþau	*rōkijanþai	*rōkijainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*rōkidǭ	*rōkidēdį̄
2nd singular	*rōkidēz	*rōkidēdīz
3rd singular	*rōkidē	*rōkidēdī
1st dual	*rōkidēdū	*rōkidēdīw
2nd dual	*rōkidēdudiz	*rōkidēdīdiz
1st plural	*rōkidēdum	*rōkidēdīm
2nd plural	*rōkidēdud	*rōkidēdīd
3rd plural	*rōkidēdun	*rōkidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*rōkijandz	*rōkidaz

Related terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *rōkijan
- Old English: rēċan, rēċċan
  - Middle English: recchen
    - English: retch
- Old Saxon: rōkian
  - Middle Low German: rôken, rûken
    - Low German: roken, ruken
- Old Dutch: ruoken
  - Middle Dutch: roeken
    - Dutch: roeken (obsolete)
- Old High German: ruohhen, ruochen
  - Middle High German: ruochen, rūchen
  - ⇒ Old High German: giruohhen
    - Middle High German: geruochen
      - German: geruhen
Old Norse: rœkja
- Icelandic: rækja
- → Middle English: reken, rekken
  - English: reck
  - Scots: rek, rak, rack
Old Norse: rœkja (“to care care of, to heed”)
→ Proto-Finnic: *rookkidak (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*rōkjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 307
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*rōkjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 415
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*rōkaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 307

[1] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*rōkjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 307

[2] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*rōkjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 415

[3] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*rōkaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 307

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[2]

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