Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rukkaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

• *hrukkaz

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *rukn-, *ruk-, *rug-, *ruǵ- (“to spin”); or perhaps (especially for the forms in h-) from Proto-Indo-European *kreḱ- (“to weave”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈruk.kɑz/

Noun

*rukkaz m

1. A robe; jacket; skirt; tunic

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *rukkaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*rukkaz	*rukkōz, *rukkōs
vocative	*rukk	*rukkōz, *rukkōs
accusative	*rukką	*rukkanz
genitive	*rukkas, *rukkis	*rukkǫ̂
dative	*rukkai	*rukkamaz
instrumental	*rukkō	*rukkamiz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *(h)rokk
  • Old English: rocc, roc
    • Middle English: roc
  • Old Frisian: rokk
    • Saterland Frisian: Rok
    • West Frisian: rôk, rok
  • Old Saxon: *hrokk, *hrok, *rokk, rok
    • Middle Low German: rock
      • Low German: Rock
      • German Low German: Rock
      • Plautdietsch: Rock
  • Old Dutch: *rokk, *rok
    • Middle Dutch: roc
      • Dutch: rok
        • Afrikaans: rok
        • → Indonesian: rok
  • → Medieval Latin: hrocus, roccus, rocus
    • → Old French: froc, rochet, roquet
      • French: froc, rochet
      • → English: frock, rochet, rocket (dialectal)
        • → French: frac
          • → Dutch: frak (dialectal)
          • → German: Frack
          • → Swedish: frack
          • → Danish: frakke
            • → Faroese: frakki
        • → Spanish: roquete
        • → Portuguese: roquete
        • → Italian: rocchetto, roccetto
  • Old High German: hroch, rocch, roch, roc
    • Middle High German: roc
      • German: Rock
      • Luxembourgish: Rack
• Old Norse: rokkr
  • Icelandic: rokkur
  • Faroese: rokkur
  • Old Swedish: rokker
    • Swedish: rock
  • Danish: rok
• → Proto-Finnic: *rukka (see there for further descendants)