rok
English
[edit]Noun
[edit]rok (plural roks)
- Alternative form of roc
Anagrams
[edit]Afrikaans
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Dutch rok, from Middle Dutch roc, from Old Dutch rok, from Proto-Germanic *rukkaz.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]rok (plural rokke, diminutive rokkie)
- A dress.
Descendants
[edit]Breton
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Related to Irish rucas (“pride, arrogance”). Possibly borrowed into English as rogue.[1]
Adjective
[edit]rok
References
[edit]- ^ Walter W[illiam] Skeat (1910) “ROGUE”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the English Language, new (4th) revised and enlarged edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: At the Clarendon Press, published 1963, →OCLC.
Czech
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Czech rok, from Proto-Slavic *rokъ.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]rok m inan
- year, the time it takes a planetary body to complete one revolution around a star
- (sciences) year, exactly 365.25 days
- Synonym: léto
- year, a period between set dates that denotes a year
- Synonym: kalendářní rok
- v tomto roce ― this year
- year, a scheduled part of a year spent in a given activity
Declension
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “rok”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
- “rok”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
- “rok”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
Danish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Noun
[edit]rok
Derived terms
[edit]Dinka
[edit]Noun
[edit]rok (plural rook)
References
[edit]- Dinka-English Dictionary[1], 2005
Dutch
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Middle Dutch roc, from Old Dutch rok, from Proto-West Germanic *(h)rokk, from Proto-Germanic *rukkaz.
Noun
[edit]rok m (plural rokken, diminutive rokje n)
- skirt (clothing)
- full dress, white tie (formal clothing)
- layer on a bulb such as an onion
- (chiefly historical, otherwise archaic) garment covering the torso
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Noun
[edit]rok m (plural rokken, diminutive rokje n)
- Alternative form of rokken
Finnish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]rok
- roc (mythical bird)
Usage notes
[edit]- Often used in the form rok-lintu (“roc-bird”).
Declension
[edit]Inflection of rok (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | rok | rokit | |
genitive | rokin | rokien | |
partitive | rokia | rokeja | |
illative | rokiin | rokeihin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | rok | rokit | |
accusative | nom. | rok | rokit |
gen. | rokin | ||
genitive | rokin | rokien | |
partitive | rokia | rokeja | |
inessive | rokissa | rokeissa | |
elative | rokista | rokeista | |
illative | rokiin | rokeihin | |
adessive | rokilla | rokeilla | |
ablative | rokilta | rokeilta | |
allative | rokille | rokeille | |
essive | rokina | rokeina | |
translative | rokiksi | rokeiksi | |
abessive | rokitta | rokeitta | |
instructive | — | rokein | |
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Derived terms
[edit]Icelandic
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]rok n (genitive singular roks, nominative plural rok)
Declension
[edit]Declension of rok | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
n-s | singular | plural | ||
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | rok | rokið | rok | rokin |
accusative | rok | rokið | rok | rokin |
dative | roki | rokinu | rokum | rokunum |
genitive | roks | roksins | roka | rokanna |
Indonesian
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Dutch rok, from Middle Dutch roc, from Old Dutch rok, from Proto-Germanic *rukkaz.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]rok
- skirt (clothing)
- full dress, white tie (formal clothing)
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]rok
- (music) rock, a style of music characterized by basic drum-beat, generally 4/4 riffs, based on (usually electric) guitar, bass guitar, drums and vocals.
Further reading
[edit]- “rok” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Kashubian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rokъ.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]rok m inan
- year (calendar year)
- year (group of people belonging to the same calendar year of typically educational events)
Declension
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- Stefan Ramułt (1893) “rok”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego (in Kashubian), page 182
- Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “rok”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi[2], volume 2, page 815
- “rok”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022
Latvian
[edit]Verb
[edit]rok
- third-person singular/plural present indicative of rakt
- (with the particle lai) third-person singular imperative of rakt
- (with the particle lai) third-person plural imperative of rakt
Livonian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *rokka, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *rokka. Cognates include Finnish rokka.
Noun
[edit]rok
Maranao
[edit]Noun
[edit]rok
Related terms
[edit]- roh (“spirit”)
References
[edit]- A Maranao Dictionary, by Howard P. McKaughan and Batua A. Macaraya
Norwegian Bokmål
[edit]Noun
[edit]rok n (definite singular roket, indefinite plural rok, definite plural roka or rokene)
- form removed with the spelling reform of 2005; superseded by rokk
Norwegian Nynorsk
[edit]Noun
[edit]rok n (definite singular roket, indefinite plural rok, definite plural roka)
- alternative spelling of rokk
Old Czech
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rokъ.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]rok m inan
Declension
[edit]singular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | rok | roky | roci, rokové |
genitive | roka, roku | rokú | rokóv |
dative | roku | rokoma | rokóm |
accusative | rok | roky | roky |
vocative | roče | roky | roci, rokové |
locative | rocě, roku | rokú | rociech |
instrumental | rokem | rokoma | roky |
See also Appendix:Old Czech nouns and Appendix:Old Czech pronunciation.
Descendants
[edit]- Czech: rok
References
[edit]- Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “rok”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
Old Polish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rokъ. First attested in the 14th century.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]rok m inan
Declension
[edit]This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Derived terms
[edit]- roczyć impf
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “rok”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Old Saxon
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-West Germanic *rauki, from Proto-Germanic *raukiz, whence also Old English rēc, Old Frisian rēk, Old Dutch rouc, Old High German rouh, Old Norse reykr.
Noun
[edit]rōk m
Descendants
[edit]Polish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Polish rok.
Pronunciation
[edit]Audio: (file) - Rhymes: -ɔk
- Syllabification: rok
- Homophones: rock, Rok
Noun
[edit]rok m inan (diminutive roczek)
- year (solar year)
- (by extension, astronomy) year (time it takes for any planet to orbit its star)
- year (calendar year)
- year (scheduled part of a calendar year spent in a specific activity)
- year (group of people belonging to the same calendar year of typically educational events)
- (obsolete, law) court case
- (obsolete) engagement, betrothal
- (Middle Polish) indiscriminate length of time
- (Middle Polish) age of a being
- Synonym: wiek
- (Middle Polish) agreed upon length of time for work or employment
- (Middle Polish) time set aside for performing a task
Declension
[edit]Declension
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- coroczny
- roczkowy
- rocznicowy
- rocznikarski
- rocznikowy
- roczny
- (Middle Polish) roczyźni
- Nowy Rok
- pora roku
- (obsolete) roczba
- (archaic) roczeń
- roczniaczek
- (Middle Polish) roczniaczka
- roczniak
- rocznica
- rocznie
- rocznik
- rocznikarstwo
- rocznikarz
- (obsolete) rocznokrąg
- roczność
- (obsolete) roczyć
- (Middle Polish) roczyny
- (Middle Polish) roczyzna
- rok akademicki
- rok Pański
- rok przestępny
- rok szkolny
- rok świetlny
- rok zerowy
- rokować impf
- zostawać na drugi rok impf, zostać na drugi rok pf
Related terms
[edit]- rzec impf
Trivia
[edit]According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), rok is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 209 times in scientific texts, 413 times in news, 297 times in essays, 53 times in fiction, and 53 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 1025 times, making it the 28th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]
References
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- rok in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- rok in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “rok”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- “ROK”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 06.10.2016
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “rok”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “rok”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1912), “rok”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 5, Warsaw, page 555
- rok in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego
Serbo-Croatian
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rokъ.
Noun
[edit]rȍk m (Cyrillic spelling ро̏к)
Declension
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “rok” in Hrvatski jezični portal
Etymology 2
[edit]Noun
[edit]rȍk m (Cyrillic spelling ро̏к)
- (uninflected) rock and roll
Further reading
[edit]- “rok” in Hrvatski jezični portal
Silesian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Polish rok.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]rok m inan
- year (calendar year)
Further reading
[edit]Slovak
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rokъ.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]rok m inan (genitive singular roka, roku, nominative plural roky, genitive plural rokov, declension pattern of dub)
- year
- Nový rok ― New Year's Day
- roku Pána ― anno Domini
Declension
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “rok”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024
Slovene
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun
[edit]rok (rôk)
Etymology 2
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rokъ.
Noun
[edit]rok (rók)
Further reading
[edit]- “rok”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
- “rok”, in Termania, Amebis
- See also the general references
Ternate
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Dutch rok, possibly through Indonesian rok, from Middle Dutch roc, from Old Dutch rok, from Proto-Germanic *rukkaz.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]rok
- a skirt
References
[edit]- Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh
Veps
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *rokko. Cognates include Finnish rokko.
Noun
[edit]rok
- pox (disease)
Declension
[edit]Inflection of rok (inflection type 1/ilo) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative sing. | rok | ||
genitive sing. | rokon | ||
partitive sing. | rokod | ||
partitive plur. | rokoid | ||
singular | plural | ||
nominative | rok | rokod | |
accusative | rokon | rokod | |
genitive | rokon | rokoiden | |
partitive | rokod | rokoid | |
essive-instructive | rokon | rokoin | |
translative | rokoks | rokoikš | |
inessive | rokos | rokoiš | |
elative | rokospäi | rokoišpäi | |
illative | rokoho | rokoihe | |
adessive | rokol | rokoil | |
ablative | rokolpäi | rokoilpäi | |
allative | rokole | rokoile | |
abessive | rokota | rokoita | |
comitative | rokonke | rokoidenke | |
prolative | rokodme | rokoidme | |
approximative I | rokonno | rokoidenno | |
approximative II | rokonnoks | rokoidennoks | |
egressive | rokonnopäi | rokoidennopäi | |
terminative I | rokohosai | rokoihesai | |
terminative II | rokolesai | rokoilesai | |
terminative III | rokossai | — | |
additive I | rokohopäi | rokoihepäi | |
additive II | rokolepäi | rokoilepäi |
Etymology 2
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *rokka.
Noun
[edit]rok
Declension
[edit]Inflection of rok (inflection type 6/kuva) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative sing. | rok | ||
genitive sing. | rokan | ||
partitive sing. | rokad | ||
partitive plur. | rokid | ||
singular | plural | ||
nominative | rok | rokad | |
accusative | rokan | rokad | |
genitive | rokan | rokiden | |
partitive | rokad | rokid | |
essive-instructive | rokan | rokin | |
translative | rokaks | rokikš | |
inessive | rokas | rokiš | |
elative | rokaspäi | rokišpäi | |
illative | rokaha | rokihe | |
adessive | rokal | rokil | |
ablative | rokalpäi | rokilpäi | |
allative | rokale | rokile | |
abessive | rokata | rokita | |
comitative | rokanke | rokidenke | |
prolative | rokadme | rokidme | |
approximative I | rokanno | rokidenno | |
approximative II | rokannoks | rokidennoks | |
egressive | rokannopäi | rokidennopäi | |
terminative I | rokahasai | rokihesai | |
terminative II | rokalesai | rokilesai | |
terminative III | rokassai | — | |
additive I | rokahapäi | rokihepäi | |
additive II | rokalepäi | rokilepäi |
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- Afrikaans terms inherited from Dutch
- Afrikaans terms derived from Dutch
- Afrikaans terms inherited from Middle Dutch
- Afrikaans terms derived from Middle Dutch
- Afrikaans terms inherited from Old Dutch
- Afrikaans terms derived from Old Dutch
- Afrikaans terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Afrikaans terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Afrikaans terms with IPA pronunciation
- Afrikaans terms with audio pronunciation
- Afrikaans lemmas
- Afrikaans nouns
- af:Clothing
- Breton lemmas
- Breton adjectives
- Czech terms inherited from Old Czech
- Czech terms derived from Old Czech
- Czech terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Czech terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Czech terms with IPA pronunciation
- Czech terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Czech/ok
- Rhymes:Czech/ok/1 syllable
- Czech lemmas
- Czech nouns
- Czech masculine nouns
- Czech inanimate nouns
- cs:Sciences
- Czech terms with collocations
- Czech masculine inanimate nouns
- Czech velar-stem masculine inanimate nouns
- cs:Time
- cs:Units of measure
- Danish terms inherited from Old Norse
- Danish terms derived from Old Norse
- Danish lemmas
- Danish nouns
- Dinka lemmas
- Dinka nouns
- din:Anatomy
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Dutch terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɔk
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɔk/1 syllable
- Dutch terms with homophones
- Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch
- Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch nouns
- Dutch nouns with plural in -en
- Dutch masculine nouns
- Dutch terms with historical senses
- Dutch terms with archaic senses
- nl:Clothing
- Finnish terms borrowed from English
- Finnish terms derived from English
- Finnish 1-syllable words
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Finnish/ok
- Rhymes:Finnish/ok/1 syllable
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish nouns
- Finnish risti-type nominals
- Icelandic 1-syllable words
- Icelandic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Icelandic/ɔːk
- Rhymes:Icelandic/ɔːk/1 syllable
- Icelandic lemmas
- Icelandic nouns
- Icelandic neuter nouns
- Icelandic countable nouns
- Indonesian terms borrowed from Dutch
- Indonesian terms derived from Dutch
- Indonesian terms derived from Middle Dutch
- Indonesian terms derived from Old Dutch
- Indonesian terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Indonesian 1-syllable words
- Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Indonesian lemmas
- Indonesian nouns
- Indonesian terms borrowed from English
- Indonesian terms derived from English
- id:Music
- Kashubian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Kashubian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Kashubian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Kashubian/ɔk
- Rhymes:Kashubian/ɔk/1 syllable
- Kashubian lemmas
- Kashubian nouns
- Kashubian masculine nouns
- Kashubian inanimate nouns
- Kashubian suppletive nouns
- csb:Gregorian calendar months
- csb:Time
- csb:Units of measure
- Latvian non-lemma forms
- Latvian verb forms
- Livonian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Livonian terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Livonian terms inherited from Proto-Finno-Ugric
- Livonian terms derived from Proto-Finno-Ugric
- Livonian lemmas
- Livonian nouns
- Maranao lemmas
- Maranao nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål lemmas
- Norwegian Bokmål nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål neuter nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål pre-2005 forms
- Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas
- Norwegian Nynorsk nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk neuter nouns
- Old Czech terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Old Czech terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Old Czech terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Czech lemmas
- Old Czech nouns
- Old Czech masculine nouns
- Old Czech inanimate nouns
- Old Czech masculine inanimate nouns
- Old Czech hard masculine o-stem nouns
- zlw-ocs:Gregorian calendar months
- zlw-ocs:Time
- zlw-ocs:Units of measure
- Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Polish lemmas
- Old Polish nouns
- Old Polish masculine nouns
- Old Polish inanimate nouns
- zlw-opl:Law
- zlw-opl:Gregorian calendar months
- zlw-opl:Time
- zlw-opl:Units of measure
- Old Saxon terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Old Saxon terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Saxon lemmas
- Old Saxon nouns
- Old Saxon masculine nouns
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Polish terms inherited from Old Polish
- Polish terms derived from Old Polish
- Polish 1-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Polish/ɔk
- Rhymes:Polish/ɔk/1 syllable
- Polish terms with homophones
- Polish lemmas
- Polish nouns
- Polish masculine nouns
- Polish inanimate nouns
- pl:Astronomy
- Polish terms with obsolete senses
- pl:Law
- Middle Polish
- Polish suppletive nouns
- pl:Gregorian calendar months
- pl:Marriage
- pl:Months
- pl:Units of measure
- pl:Years
- Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian nouns
- Serbo-Croatian masculine nouns
- Serbo-Croatian terms borrowed from English
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from English
- sh:Musical genres
- sh:Time
- Silesian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Silesian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Silesian terms inherited from Old Polish
- Silesian terms derived from Old Polish
- Silesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Silesian/ɔk
- Rhymes:Silesian/ɔk/1 syllable
- Silesian lemmas
- Silesian nouns
- Silesian masculine nouns
- Silesian inanimate nouns
- Silesian suppletive nouns
- szl:Gregorian calendar months
- szl:Time
- szl:Units of measure
- Slovak terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Slovak terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Slovak terms with IPA pronunciation
- Slovak lemmas
- Slovak nouns
- Slovak masculine nouns
- Slovak inanimate nouns
- Slovak terms with collocations
- sk:Time
- Slovene non-lemma forms
- Slovene noun forms
- Slovene terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Slovene terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- sl:Time
- Ternate terms derived from Dutch
- Ternate terms derived from Indonesian
- Ternate terms derived from Middle Dutch
- Ternate terms derived from Old Dutch
- Ternate terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Ternate terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ternate lemmas
- Ternate nouns
- Veps terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Veps terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Veps lemmas
- Veps nouns
- Veps ilo-type nominals
- Veps kuva-type nominals
- vep:Medicine