roka

See also: róka, rokā, rōka, röka, and rǫkă

Fijian

Noun

roka

1. color

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Japanese

Romanization

roka

1. Rōmaji transcription of ろか

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Latvian

Picture dictionary

plecs

augšdelms

paduse

elkonis

apakšdelms

plauksta

pirksti

Roka

loceklis

ķermenis

Etymology

From Proto-Baltic *rankā (perhaps Proto-Balto-Slavic *rankāˀ), from Proto-Indo-European *wrenk-, *wronk-, derived from the zero grade *wr- of the stem *wer- (“to turn, to bend”). The original meaning was therefore “bent, bending (organ, limb).” In Baltic, the initial *w was lost, while in some other languages it became *b; cf. Latin branca (“paw, foot”). Cognates include Lithuanian rankà, Old Prussian rancko, Proto-Slavic *rǫka (Old Church Slavonic рѫка (rǫka), Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian рука́ (ruká), Bulgarian ръка́ (rǎká), Upper Sorbian, Czech ruka, Polish ręka).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɾùoka]

Noun

roka f (4th declension)

1. (anatomy) hand, arm (each of the upper limbs of the human body, from shoulder to palm)

   kreisā, labā roka ― left, right hand, arm

   spēcīgas, muskuļainas rokas ― strong, muscular arms

   veiklas rokas ― agile, skillful hands

   aiz, pie rokas ― (taking someone) by the hand

   uz rokām ― (holding, lifting something) in the arms

   zem rokas ― (holding something) under (one's) arm

   roku rokā ― hand in hand

   māt, mest ar roku ― to wave one's hand(s)

   sniegt, dot roku ― to give, to offer (one's) hand (for a handshake)

   piedāvāt roku ― to offer (one's) hand, arm (for support)

   spiest, paspiest, saspiest roku ― to shake hand(s)

   rokas spiediens ― handshake

   vilkt cimdus rokā ― to put gloves on one's hand(s)

   paņemt rokā grāmatu ― to take the book in one's hand(s)

   maciņš izkrīt no rokas ― the little wallet fell out of (his) hand(s)

   māte mēdz iespiest rokas sānos ― mother used to press her arms against her side

   lai gan nav auksti, tomēr Juris mauc rokā pirkstainus cimdus ― though it is not cold, Juris puts on his hand(s) the fingered gloves (i.e., not mittens, but gloves with actual places for each of the five fingers)

2. (in the genitive, used adjectivally) hand ..., manual (to be used with one's hands, arms; to be done, carried out with one's hands, arms)

   rokas bremze ― hand brake

   rokas svari ― hand-held weights

   rokas sūknis ― hand pump

   rokas zāģis, rokzāģis ― hand saw

   rokas granāta ― hand grenade

   rokas bagaža ― hand luggage

   rokas pulkstenis ― wrist (lit. hand) watch

   roku dzelži ― handcuffs

   roku dvielis ― hand towel

   rokas sprādze, rokassprādze ― bracelets (hand buckle)

   rokas soma, rokassoma ― handbag

   roku darbs ― manual labor; handmade item (lit. hand work)

   rokas veidošana ― manual fabrication (= built manually)

   ar automātiskajām centrālēm aizstātas rokas apkalpes telefona centrāles ― with automatic (phone) exchanges manual service was replaced in telephone (= call) centers

3. (colloquial) sleeve (part of a garment that covers one's arms)

   kleita ar garām rokām ― a dress with long arms (= sleeves)

   atrotīt krekla rokas ― to roll up the shirt's arms (= sleeves)

4. (technology) arm (a long, mobile mechanical device or part of a mechanical device; a handle)

   mehāniskā roka ― mechanical arm, hand

   robota roka satver apaļu metāla sagatavi un paliek to zem spiednes ― the robot hand griped the circular metal object and placed it under the press

   turamās rokas arklam ar skaista līkumā izliektiem apaļiem galiem koši zilas ― the bright blue plow hands (= handles) with round ends bent in a beautifully arch

Usage notes

Latvian roka, like Russian рука (ruka), refers both to a person's entire arm and more specifically to a person's hand; context usually clarifies which interpretation is best. It is the most frequent term in both senses. The word delms “upper limb; arm between shoulder and hand” is rare and academic, and plauksta, though sometimes translatable as “hand,” refers more specifically to the palm of the hand.

Declension

Declension of roka (4th declension)

	singular (vienskaitlis)	plural (daudzskaitlis)
nominative (nominatīvs)	roka	rokas
accusative (akuzatīvs)	roku	rokas
genitive (ģenitīvs)	rokas	roku
dative (datīvs)	rokai	rokām
instrumental (instrumentālis)	roku	rokām
locative (lokatīvs)	rokā	rokās
vocative (vokatīvs)	roka	rokas

Synonyms

• (of "sleeve"): piedurkne
• (of "handle"): rokturis

Derived terms

• rokassoma, rokas soma
• rokraksts

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Serbo-Croatian

Noun

roka f (Cyrillic spelling рока)

1. (Kajkavian) hand, arm
   • 1936, Miroslav Krleža, Balade Petrice Kerempuha

     Z rokami v črevu znuternje mertvečke,

     v kervavem drobu, z rokavi zaferknjeni,

Synonyms

• ruka

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Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *rǫka, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *rankāˀ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rɔ̀ːka/
• Tonal orthography: róka
• Hyphenation: ro‧ka

Noun

rôka f (genitive rôke or roké, nominative plural rôke or roké)

1. (anatomy) hand

Declension

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Declension of rôka (feminine, a-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	rôka	rôki	rôke
accusative	rôko	rôki	rôke
genitive	rôke	rôk	rôk
dative	rôki	rôkama	rôkam
locative	rôki	rôkah	rôkah
instrumental	rôko	rôkama	rôkami

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Related terms

• rôčen

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Turkish

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish روقه‎ (roka), from Greek ρόκα (róka). Whereas اروقه‎ (aruka) is from Italian eruca. All from Latin ērūca (“rocket”).

Noun

roka (definite accusative rokayı, plural rokalar)

1. rocket (Eruca sativa)

Declension

Inflection
Nominative	roka
Definite accusative	rokayı
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	roka	rokalar
Definite accusative	rokayı	rokaları
Dative	rokaya	rokalara
Locative	rokada	rokalarda
Ablative	rokadan	rokalardan
Genitive	rokanın	rokaların

References

• Meyer, Gustav (1892), “Türkische Studien. I. Die griechischen und romanischen Bestandtheile im Wortschatze des Osmanisch-Türkischen”, in Sitzungsberichte der philosophisch-historischen Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften (in German), volume 128, Wien: In Commission bei F. Tempsky, page 29