Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sunþraz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *sh₂ún-teros, from *sóh₂w-l̥ ~ *sh₂w-én-s (“the sun”) +‎ *-teros (directional suffix).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈsun.θrɑz/
Rhymes: -un.θrɑz

Adjective

*sunþraz (comparative *sunþrizô, superlative *sunþristaz)

south, southern

Inflection

Declension of *sunþraz (a-stem)
Strong declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*sunþraz	*sunþrō	*sunþrą, -atō	*sunþrai	*sunþrôz	*sunþrō
accusative	*sunþranǭ	*sunþrǭ	*sunþrą, -atō	*sunþranz	*sunþrōz	*sunþrō
genitive	*sunþras, -is	*sunþraizōz	*sunþras, -is	*sunþraizǫ̂	*sunþraizǫ̂	*sunþraizǫ̂
dative	*sunþrammai	*sunþraizōi	*sunþrammai	*sunþraimaz	*sunþraimaz	*sunþraimaz
instrumental	*sunþranō	*sunþraizō	*sunþranō	*sunþraimiz	*sunþraimiz	*sunþraimiz

Weak declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*sunþrô	*sunþrǭ	*sunþrô	*sunþraniz	*sunþrōniz	*sunþrōnō
accusative	*sunþranų	*sunþrōnų	*sunþrô	*sunþranunz	*sunþrōnunz	*sunþrōnō
genitive	*sunþriniz	*sunþrōniz	*sunþriniz	*sunþranǫ̂	*sunþrōnǫ̂	*sunþranǫ̂
dative	*sunþrini	*sunþrōni	*sunþrini	*sunþrammaz	*sunþrōmaz	*sunþrammaz
instrumental	*sunþrinē	*sunþrōnē	*sunþrinē	*sunþrammiz	*sunþrōmiz	*sunþrammiz

Coordinate terms

compass points: ^[edit]

	*nurþraz
*westraz		*austraz
	*sunþraz

Derived terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *sunþr
- Old English: sūþ
  - Middle English: south, souþ, suþ, sowth, suthe, souþe, suth, souht, zouth (Kent)
    - English: south
    - Scots: sooth
    - Yola: zouth
  - → Old French: sud, su
    - Middle French: sud
      - French: sud
- Old Frisian: *sūther
  - West Frisian: suder, súd
- Old Saxon: *sūthar
  - Middle Low German: sǖder, suder
- Old High German: sundar
  - Middle High German: sunder

Adverb

*sunþraz (comparative *sunþrōz, superlative *sunþrōst)

south, southward

Descendants

Old English: sūþ
- English: south
Old Saxon: sūthar
Old High German: *sundar
- Middle High German: sunder
Old Norse: suðr, sunnr
- Icelandic: suður
- Faroese: suður
- Norn: sud
- Norwegian Nynorsk: sud, sør
- Norwegian Bokmål: sør
- Old Swedish: sudher
  - Swedish: söder, syd (influenced by Dutch or Low German)
- Old Danish: suth
  - Danish: syd
  - Norwegian Bokmål: syd
- Gutnish: sudar, sudur

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*sunþera-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 492

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*sunþera-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 492

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