Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂éḱru
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Probably from *h₂eḱ- (“sharp”).
Noun
[edit]Inflection
[edit]| Athematic, proterokinetic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | |||
| nominative | *h₂éḱru | ||
| genitive | *h₂ḱréws | ||
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative | *h₂éḱru | *h₂éḱr̥wih₁ | *h₂éḱruh₂ |
| vocative | *h₂éḱru | *h₂éḱr̥wih₁ | *h₂éḱruh₂ |
| accusative | *h₂éḱru | *h₂éḱr̥wih₁ | *h₂éḱruh₂ |
| genitive | *h₂ḱréws | *? | *h₂ḱréwoHom |
| ablative | *h₂ḱréws | *? | *h₂ḱrúmos |
| dative | *h₂ḱréwey | *? | *h₂ḱrúmos |
| locative | *h₂ḱréw, *h₂ḱréwi | *? | *h₂ḱrúsu |
| instrumental | *h₂ḱrúh₁ | *? | *h₂ḱrúmis |
Reconstruction notes
[edit]There is some trace evidence to suggest an original heteroclitic *wr̥-stem, the suffix of which then metathesized to *-ru (as if it were a *u-stem of *h₂eḱr-), paralleling *smóḱwr̥ > pre-Sanskrit *smóḱru. However, contradicting this is the Hittite descendant, which would have to have undergone the same remodeling for unknown reasons.[3]
Derived terms
[edit]- *dr̥ḱ-h₂eḱru (“tear”, literally “eye-sharp”) (+ *dérḱs (“eye”)),[4] which may point to an early meaning of *“bitter” for *h₂éḱru.
Descendants
[edit]- ⇒ Proto-Anatolian: (with a prefix such as sporadic *s-,[3] or a compound *sekʷ-h₂(e)ḱru[4]?)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Háćru (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Tocharian: *ākru
References
[edit]- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “išḫaḫru-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 391
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Kortlandt, Frederik (1985) “Arm. artawsr ‘tear’”, in Annual of Armenian Linguistics, volume 6, Cleveland: Cleveland State University, page 60 of 59–61