Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/méǵh₂s

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Adjective

*méǵh₂s (oblique stem *m̥ǵh₂-)

1. big, great

Inflection

Athematic, amphikinetic
	masculine	feminine
nominative	*méǵh₂s	*méǵh₂ih₂
genitive	*m̥ǵh₂és	*m̥ǵyéh₂s
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*méǵh₂s	*méǵh₂h₁(e)	*méǵh₂es
vocative	*méǵh₂	*méǵh₂h₁(e)	*méǵh₂es
accusative	*méǵh₂m̥	*méǵh₂h₁(e)	*méǵh₂m̥s
genitive	*m̥ǵh₂és	*?	*m̥ǵh₂óHom
ablative	*m̥ǵh₂és	*?	*m̥ǵh₂mós, *m̥ǵh₂bʰós
dative	*m̥ǵh₂éy	*?	*m̥ǵh₂mós, *m̥ǵh₂bʰós
locative	*méǵh₂, *méǵh₂i	*?	*m̥ǵh₂sú
instrumental	*m̥ǵh₂éh₁	*?	*m̥ǵh₂mís, *m̥ǵh₂bʰís
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*méǵh₂ih₂	*méǵh₂ih₂h₁(e)	*méǵh₂ih₂es
vocative	*méǵh₂ih₂	*méǵh₂ih₂h₁(e)	*méǵh₂ih₂es
accusative	*méǵh₂ih₂m̥	*méǵh₂ih₂h₁(e)	*méǵh₂ih₂m̥s
genitive	*m̥ǵyéh₂s	*?	*m̥ǵyéh₂oHom
ablative	*m̥ǵyéh₂s	*?	*m̥ǵyéh₂mos, *m̥ǵyéh₂bʰos
dative	*m̥ǵyéh₂ey	*?	*m̥ǵyéh₂mos, *m̥ǵyéh₂bʰos
locative	*m̥ǵyéh₂, *m̥ǵyéh₂i	*?	*m̥ǵyéh₂su
instrumental	*m̥ǵyéh₂h₁	*?	*m̥ǵyéh₂mis, *m̥ǵyéh₂bʰis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*méǵh₂	*méǵh₂ih₁	*méǵh₂h₂
vocative	*méǵh₂	*méǵh₂ih₁	*méǵh₂h₂
accusative	*méǵh₂	*méǵh₂ih₁	*méǵh₂h₂
genitive	*m̥ǵh₂és	*?	*m̥ǵh₂óHom
ablative	*m̥ǵh₂és	*?	*m̥ǵh₂mós, *m̥ǵh₂bʰós
dative	*m̥ǵh₂éy	*?	*m̥ǵh₂mós, *m̥ǵh₂bʰós
locative	*méǵh₂, *méǵh₂i	*?	*m̥ǵh₂sú
instrumental	*m̥ǵh₂éh₁	*?	*m̥ǵh₂mís, *m̥ǵh₂bʰís

Derived terms

• *méǵh₂-os ~ méǵh₂-es-
  • >? Proto-Celtic: *magos (“plain, field”) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *máȷ́Has
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *máźʰas
      • Sanskrit: मह॑स् (máhas)
    • Proto-Iranian: *májHah
      • Avestan: 𐬨𐬀𐬰𐬀𐬵 (mazah)
• *móǵh₂-os
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *maźas (“small, little”) (with semantic shift "small" < "big")
    • East Baltic:
      • Lithuanian: mãžas
      • Latvian: mazs
      • Latgalian: mozs
    • West Baltic:
      • Old Prussian: massais (“less”)
      • Sudovian: maz
  • Proto-Hellenic:
    • >? Ancient Greek: μόγος (mógos), μογέω (mogéō), μόγῐς (mógĭs)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian:
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan:
      • Sanskrit: म॒हय॑ति (maháyati, “to glorify”)
• *méǵh₂-lo-s
  • Proto-Celtic: *maglos (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Germanic: *mikilaz (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Hellenic: *megalos
    • Ancient Greek: μεγᾰ́λος (megắlos)
• (perhaps) *meǵh₂-r- (since -ար (-ar) and -αίρω (-aírō) were both productive in their respective languages, it may not be necessary to reconstruct an *-r- stem)
  • Proto-Armenian:
    • Old Armenian: մեծարեմ (mecarem)
  • Proto-Hellenic: *megařřō
    • Ancient Greek: μεγαίρω (megaírō)
• (perhaps) *m̥ǵh₂-ént-s
  • Proto-Italic: *engents (see there for further descendants)
• *méǵ-yōs (< *méǵh₂-yōs with Pinault's law)
• *m̥ǵh₂-nós
  • Proto-Italic: *magnos (see there for further descendants)
• *méǵh₂-tlom
  • Proto-Italic:
    • Venetic: 𐌌𐌀𐌙𐌄𐌕𐌋𐌏𐌍 (magetlon)

Descendants

• Proto-Albanian: *madza
  • Albanian: madh
• Proto-Albanian: *mai
  • Albanian: më (“more”)
• Proto-Anatolian:
  • Hittite: 𒈨𒂊𒅅𒆠𒅖 (me-e-ek-ki-iš, “numerous”)
• Proto-Armenian:
  • Old Armenian: մեծ (mec)
    • Armenian: մեծ (mec)
• Proto-Hellenic: *mégas, *əga- (< *m̥ǵh₂-), *əgān (< *m̥ǵéh₂m)
  • Ancient Greek: μέγᾰς (mégăs), ᾰ̓γᾰ- (ăgă-), ᾰ̓́γᾱ̆ν (ắgā̆n)
• Proto-Indo-Iranian: *maȷ́ʰā́ (see there for further descendants)
• Phrygian: μεκας (mekas /⁠megas⁠/, “great”, dat.sg./pl.)
• Proto-Tocharian: *mākā (see there for further descendants)