Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/méǵh₂yōs

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From the adjective *méǵh₂s (“big, great”) +‎ *-yōs (intensive suffix).

Adjective

*méǵh₂yōs

1. bigger, greater

Inflection

Athematic, acrostatic
	masculine	feminine
nominative	*méǵh₂yōs	*méǵh₂yesih₂
genitive	*méǵh₂isos	*méǵh₂isyeh₂s
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*méǵh₂yōs	*méǵh₂yosh₁(e)	*méǵh₂yoses
vocative	*méǵh₂yos	*méǵh₂yosh₁(e)	*méǵh₂yoses
accusative	*méǵh₂yosm̥	*méǵh₂yosh₁(e)	*méǵh₂yosm̥s
genitive	*méǵh₂isos	*?	*méǵh₂isoHom
ablative	*méǵh₂isos	*?	*méǵh₂ismos, *méǵh₂isbʰos
dative	*méǵh₂isey	*?	*méǵh₂ismos, *méǵh₂isbʰos
locative	*méǵh₂yés, *méǵh₂yési	*?	*méǵh₂isu
instrumental	*méǵh₂ish₁	*?	*méǵh₂ismis, *méǵh₂isbʰis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*méǵh₂yesih₂	*méǵh₂yesih₂h₁(e)	*méǵh₂yesih₂es
vocative	*méǵh₂yesih₂	*méǵh₂yesih₂h₁(e)	*méǵh₂yesih₂es
accusative	*méǵh₂yesih₂m̥	*méǵh₂yesih₂h₁(e)	*méǵh₂yesih₂m̥s
genitive	*méǵh₂isyeh₂s	*?	*méǵh₂isyeh₂oHom
ablative	*méǵh₂isyeh₂s	*?	*méǵh₂isyeh₂mos, *méǵh₂isyeh₂bʰos
dative	*méǵh₂isyeh₂ey	*?	*méǵh₂isyeh₂mos, *méǵh₂isyeh₂bʰos
locative	*méǵh₂isyeh₂, *méǵh₂isyeh₂i	*?	*méǵh₂isyeh₂su
instrumental	*méǵh₂isyeh₂h₁	*?	*méǵh₂isyeh₂mis, *méǵh₂isyeh₂bʰis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*méǵh₂yos	*méǵh₂yosih₁	*méǵh₂yōs
vocative	*méǵh₂yos	*méǵh₂yosih₁	*méǵh₂yōs
accusative	*méǵh₂yos	*méǵh₂yosih₁	*méǵh₂yōs
genitive	*méǵh₂isos	*?	*méǵh₂isoHom
ablative	*méǵh₂isos	*?	*méǵh₂ismos, *méǵh₂isbʰos
dative	*méǵh₂isey	*?	*méǵh₂ismos, *méǵh₂isbʰos
locative	*méǵh₂yés, *méǵh₂yési	*?	*méǵh₂isu
instrumental	*méǵh₂ish₁	*?	*méǵh₂ismis, *méǵh₂isbʰis

Alternative reconstructions

• *méǵyōs

Derived terms

• *méǵh₂-is-to-s (“biggest”)
  • Proto-Hellenic: *mégistos
    • Ancient Greek: μέγῐστος (mégĭstos)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *maȷ́ʰištʰas
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *máźʰiṣṭʰas
      • Sanskrit: महिष्ठ (mahiṣṭha)
    • Proto-Iranian: *májištas
      • Avestan: 𐬨𐬀𐬰𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬀 (mazišta)
      • Parthian: (/⁠masišt⁠/)

        Manichaean script: 𐫖𐫘𐫏𐫢𐫤 (msyšt)

      • Old Persian: *maθištah
        • Middle Persian: (/⁠mehist⁠/)

          Manichaean script: 𐫖𐫍𐫏𐫘𐫤 (mhyst)

          Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (msst')

          • Classical Persian: مهست (mehest, “greatest, biggest”)
• *méǵh₂-is-tero-s
  • >? Proto-Italic: *magisteros (see there for further descendants)
• *m(e)ǵh₂-is-m̥mo-
  • Proto-Italic: *magisVmos
    • Latino-Faliscan:
      • Faliscan: 𐌌𐌀𐌗𐌏𐌌𐌏 (maxomo)
      • Latin: maximus
    • Sabellic:
      • >? Oscan: maimas (fem. nom. pl.)

Descendants

• Proto-Celtic: *magyos
  • Continental:
    • Gaulish: Magios
  • Goidelic:
    • Old Irish: maige
• Proto-Hellenic: *méďďōn
  • Ancient Greek: μείζων (meízōn)
• Proto-Indo-Iranian: *máȷ́ʰyas
• Proto-Italic: *magjōs, *magis (< *m̥ǵh₂-is)
  • Latin: maior, magis
  • Oscan: mais