Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/skeyd-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Extension of the root *skey-.

Root

*skeyd- (perfective)

1. to split, to divide

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *skeyd-‎ (22 c, 0 e)

• *skéyd-t ~ *skid-ént (athematic root aorist)
• *ski-né-d-ti ~ *ski-n-d-énti (nasal-infix present)
• *skoyd-éye-ti (causative)
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *skáiˀdīˀtei
    • Eastern Baltic:
      • Latvian: skaîdît (“to dilute, spill”)
      • Lithuanian: skáidyti (“to separate, divide, distribute”)
    • Proto-Slavic: *cědìti (“to strain, filter”) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *skaydáyati
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śćaydáyati (leveled with the zero- and e-grade root forms)
      • Sanskrit: छेदयति (chedáyati, “to (cause to) cut off, split apart”)
• *skid-yé-ti (zero-grade ye-present)
  • Proto-Hellenic: *skʰíďďō
    • Ancient Greek: σχίζω (skhízō) (with *skʰid- perhaps for *skidʰ, if the extension is with *dʰeh₁-.)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *sčidyáti
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śćidyáti
      • Sanskrit: छिद्यते (chídyate, chidyáte)
• *skéyd-ye-ti (full-grade ye-present)
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *skeistei
    • Latvian: šķiêst
    • Lithuanian: skíesti (“to separate”)
• *skid-i-s, *skid-o-s
  • Proto-Germanic: *skitiz, *skītaz (see there for further descendants)
• *skid-nó-s
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *śčidnás
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śćidnás
      • Sanskrit: छिन्न (chinna) (see there for further descendants)
• *skeyd-ro-s
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *skeidras
    • Proto-Slavic: *ščedrъ (“generous”) (see there for further descendants)
• *skéyd-ti-s ~ *skid-téy-s
  • Proto-Hellenic: *skʰístis
    • Ancient Greek: σχίσις (skhísis)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *śčítˢtiš (zero-grade)
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śćíttiṣ
      • Sanskrit: छित्ति (chítti)
• *skid-tó-s
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *skī́stas
    • Eastern Baltic:
      • Latvian: šķîsts (“thin, clear, clean”)
      • Lithuanian: skýstas (“thin”)
    • Western Baltic:
      • Old Prussian: skijstan (“pure”)
    • Proto-Slavic: *čistъ (“clean, pure”) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Hellenic: *skʰistós
    • Ancient Greek: σχιστός (skhistós)
• Unsorted formations:
  • Proto-Armenian:
    • Old Armenian: ցտեմ (cʻtem)
      • → Armenian: ցտել (cʻtel) (learned)
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
    • Eastern Baltic:
      • Lithuanian: skėsti (“to spread”)
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
    • Proto-Slavic: *cěstiti (“to purify, cleanse”) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Celtic:
    • Proto-Brythonic:
      • Welsh: cwys
  • Proto-Celtic:
    • Proto-Brythonic:
      • Welsh: chwydu
• Proto-Tocharian: *kät-
  • Tocharian A: kät-
  • Tocharian B: kät-