Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/kátah

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

Unknown; often compared to Sanskrit चतति (cátati), चातयति (cātayati, “to escape”),^[1] and Sanskrit खनति (khanati, “to dig”)^[2],^[3] but perhaps more likely a substrate borrowing or wanderwort, compare Proto-Uralic *kota (“hut, tent”), Proto-Germanic *kutą (“hut, shed”).

Noun

*kátah m^[4]^[5]

house
roof

Inflection

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kátah	*kátā(w)	*kátāh(ah)
vocative	*káta	*kátā(w)	*kátāh(ah)
accusative	*kátam	*kátā(w)	*kátānh
instrumental	*kátaH	*kátaybʰyā(m)	*kátāyš
ablative	*kátāt	*kátaybʰyā(m)	*kátaybʰyah
dative	*kátāy	*kátaybʰyā(m)	*kátaybʰyah
genitive	*kátahya	*kátayāh	*kátānaHam
locative	*kátay	*kátayaw	*kátayšu

Descendants

Central Iranian:
- Younger Avestan: 𐬐𐬀𐬙𐬀 m (kata, “room, house”)
  - ⇒ Younger Avestan: 𐬐𐬀𐬙𐬋𐬹𐬨𐬀𐬯𐬀𐬵 (katō masah, “as big as a house”)
Northeastern Iranian:
- Proto-Scythian: *kati
  - Proto-Saka-Wakhi: *kadi
    - Khotanese: [script needed] (kata-)
    - Wakhi: kut (“roof”)
  - Proto-Sarmatian: *kat
    - Alanic: *kæt
      - Ossetian:
        Digor Ossetian: кӕт (kæt, “stable; (dialectal) canopy”)
    - →? Proto-Germanic: *kutą (see there for further descendants)
    - →? Proto-Slavic: *xata (see there for further descendants)
- Sogdo-Bactrian:
  - Bactrian: καδαγο (kadago), καδγο (kadgo, “house, family residence”)
  - Proto-Sogdic:
    - Sogdian:
      Manichaean script: 𐫞𐫤 (qt /⁠kat⁠/)
      - ⇒ Sogdian: (/⁠katē⁠/, “house”)
        Old Sogdian script: 𐼋𐼚𐼀𐼋 (ktʾk)
        
        Manichaean script: 𐫐𐫤𐫏𐫏 (ktyy)
        
        Syriac script: [Syriac needed] (qty)
      - ⇒? Sogdian: (“roof”)
        Syriac script: [Syriac needed] (qdwy /⁠kaδwē⁠/)
    - Yaghnobi: кат (kat)
Southeastern Iranian:
- Parachi: [script needed] (кȫ, “roof”)
- Pashto: کلی (këlay, “village”)
- Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji: *ḱæd (“house”)
  - Proto-Munji-Yidgha: *ḱæy
    - Munji: [script needed] (kʸei)
  - Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami: *ḱæd
    - Proto-Shughni-Roshani: *čöd
      - Shughni: чӣд (čīd), [script needed] (čöd) (Bajui), [script needed] (čod) (Khufi, Oroshori)
      - Sarikoli: čed
    - Vanji: kod
    - Yazghulami: куд (kud)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Baluchi: [script needed] (kodak, “house”)
- Baluchi: [script needed] (kudo), [script needed] (kodo), [script needed] (kudog, “nest”)
- Kurdish:
  - ⇒ Northern Kurdish: kedî (“domestic”)
- Proto-Medo-Parthian:
  - Old Median: *kadakah^[5]
    - Middle Median: *kayag
      - Kermanic: (“house”)
        Abuzeydabadi, Farizandi, Qohrudi, Yarandi: kēya
        
        Abyanehi, Tarehi: kayā
        
        Azura, Chimehi, Naraqi, Jowshaqani, Qalhari: kīya
        
        Hanjani: kah
        
        Komjani: keyā
      - Proto-Tatic:
        Old Tati: [script needed] (kā)
        
        Talysh: [script needed] (ka)
    - Semnani: [script needed] (kīya)
  - Early Parthian: 𐫐𐫤𐫐 (ktk /⁠katak⁠/, “chamber, wine celler”)
    - Late Parthian: 𐫐𐫅𐫃 (kdg), 𐫞𐫅𐫃 (qdg /⁠kadag⁠/, “home, dwelling”)
  - Proto-Zaza-Gorani:
    - Gurani: [script needed] (ka)
    - Zazaki: [Term?] (ka), [Term?] (kē), [Term?] (kaya), [Term?] (keye)
Southwestern Iranian:
- Old Persian: *katah
  - Middle Persian: *kad
    - Persian: کد (kad), [Term?] (“house”)
    - → Badrudi: kad (“house”)
    - ⇒ Middle Persian: (/⁠kadag⁠/)
      Manichaean script: 𐫐𐫅𐫃 (kdg), 𐫞𐫅𐫃 (qdg)
      
      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ktk')
      - Persian: کده (kade, “house”) (archaic)
      - → Classical Syriac: [script needed] (qdg)
→? Old Armenian: քաղաք (kʻałakʻ, “city, town”) (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Bailey, H. W. (1979), “kata-”, in Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 50
^ Bartholomae, Christian (1904), “j. kata-”, in Altiranisches Wörterbuch [Old Iranian Dictionary]‎^[1] (in German), Strassburg: K. J. Trübner, column 432: “zu ai. catant- Adj. ‘sich versteckend’. Die Verbindung mit dem V. ²kan- ist ohne Wert; vgl. *kanta-.”
^ Novák, Ľubomír (2013), Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎^[2], Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 62; 202: “*ką́ta-; Ide. *kn̥ta- : *kan- ‘to dig’”
^ Steblin-Kamenskij, I.M. (1999), “kut”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ vaxanskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Wakhi Language] (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Peterburgskoje Vostokovedenije, →ISBN, page 213: “Др.-ир. *kata- ― Dr.-ir. *kata-”
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–), “*kata- / *xata-, *kana- / *xana-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 340