Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/niuʀ

This Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Any PAN term for the coconut? The Taiwanese Aboriginals should be familiar with them.”)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɲiuʀ/

Noun

*niuʀ

coconut (fruit of coco palm)

Descendants

Proto-Philippine: *niuʀ
- Batanic
  - Ivatan: nyuy
  - Ibatan: nyoy
- Northern Luzon
  - Ilocano: niog
  - Cagayan Valley
    - Itawit: iyug
  - Northeastern Luzon
    - Casiguran Dumagat Agta: niyog
    - Dupaningan Agta: niyog
  - Meso-Cordilleran
    - Central Cordilleran
      - Ifugao
        Batad Ifugao: niyug, liyug
      - Bontok–Kankanaey
        Central Bontoc: inyug
        Eastern Bontoc: niyog
        Kankanaey: niyog
    - Southern Cordilleran
      - Pangasinan: niyog
      - Ibaloi: niyog
      - Kayapa Kallahan: niyog
- Greater Central Philippine
  - Central Philippine
    - Tagalog: niyog
    - Bikol
      - Central Bikol: niyog
    - Mansakan
      - Mansaka: iyog
      - Tagakaulu Kalagan: iyug
    - Visayan
      - Central
        Hiligaynon: niyug
        Romblomanon: niyog
      - West
        Aklanon: niyog
        Cuyunon: niyog
        Inonhan: niyog
        Kinaray-a: niyog
      - South
        Tausug: niyug
  - South Mangyan
    - Hanunoo: niyug
  - Palawan
    - Palawan Batak: niyog
  - Danao
    - Maranao: niyog
    - Maguindanao: niyug
    - Iranun: niug
- Sangiric
  - North
    - Sangil: niure'
    - Sangir: niuhe'
    - Talaud: niukka
  - South
    - Ratahan: niú
Basap-Greater Barito
- Sama-Bajaw
  - Central Sama: niyug
  - Mapun: niyug, niug
- Basap: niur
- Mahakam
  - Tunjung: nyo', nyo
- East Barito
  - Dusun Witu: niuy
  - Ma'anyan: niuy
  - Malagasy: nio, voanio, voaniho
- West Barito
  - Bakumpai: enyuh
  - Ngaju: enyuh, enyoh
North Bornean
- Northeast Sabahan
  - Ida'an: niug
- Southwest Sabahan
  - Dusunic
    - Rungus: nizuw
  - Murutic
    - Tagal Murut: nizuw
  - Paitanic
    - Tombonuo: niuw
    - Upper Kinabatangan: niu
- North Sarawak
  - Bintulu: benyu
  - Kenyah
    - Sebop: bunyo
    - Western Penan: nyo
- Central Sarawak
  - Melanau
    - Central Melanau: benyuh, benyoh
    - Kanowit: nyoh
  - Kajang
    - Kajaman: nyu
    - Lahanan: nyu
    - Sekapan: nyu
  - Punan
    - Punan Bah-Biau: nyo
    - Punan Tubu: nyuh
    - Ukit: onya
Kayanic
- Busang Kayan: nyoh
- Segai: nyuh
Land Dayak
- Benyadu': inyoh
Moklenic
- Moken: niun
Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands
- Batak
  - Toba Batak: niur
- Nias: banio
- Simeulue: bonnol
Rejang: nioa
Lampungic
- Komering: nyiwi
- Lampung Api: nyiwi
Malayo-Sumbawan
- Malayo-Chamic
  - Proto-Chamic: *laʔur
    - Acehnese: u
    - Coastal Chamic:
      - Eastern Cham: liu, li'u
    - Northern Chamic:
      - Tsat: lu³³
  - Proto-Malayic: *ñiur
    - Ibanic:
      - Iban: niur, nyiur
      - Mualang: nyior
      - Seberuang: nyior
      - Keninjal: nyior
    - Malayan:
      - Banjarese: nyiur
      - Duano: nyo
      - Kerinci: nio
      - Malay: nyiur, nyior (dialectal)
        Indonesian: nyiur
      - Temuan: niyu, ni'u
- Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa
  - Balinese: nyuh
  - Sasak: nyiuh, nyioh
  - Sumbawa: nyir
- Madurese: nyor
- Kangean: nyiung
Old Javanese: nyū, nyuu
South Sulawesi
- Mandar: anjoro
- Mamuju: anjoro
- Selayar: anjoro, njoro
Celebic
- Saluan–Banggai
  - Andio: niu
  - Balantak: nuur
  - Saluan: niu, niuu
- Bungku–Tolaki
  - Bungku: nii
- Tomini–Tolitoli
  - Totoli: niug
  - Pendau: niu
Central Malayo-Polynesian
- Bima: ni'u
- Sumba–Flores
  - Manggarai: nio
  - Komodo: niu
  - Rembong: nio, nio'
  - Sabu: nyiu, ñiu
- Kei–Tanimbar
  - Kei: nuer
  - Yamdena: nure
- Central Maluku
  - Asilulu: niwel
  - Buru (Indonesia): niwe
  - Kamarian: niwer
  - Sula: nui
- Timoric
  - Leti: nura
  - Tetum: nuu
  - Tugun: nor
  - West Damar: nuho
Chamorro: niyok
Palauan: lius
Eastern Malayo-Polynesian
- Halmahera-Cenderawasih
  - Mor (Austronesian): néra
  - Sawai: niwe
  - Waropen: niwaro
- Proto-Oceanic: *niuʀ
  - Admiralty Islands–Yapese:
    - Andra-Hus: niw
    - Lele (New Guinea): niw
    - Yapese: niiw
  - Central–Eastern Oceanic:
    - Central Oceanic:
      - East Fijian-Polynesian:
        Fijian: niu
        Proto-Polynesian: *niu
        Nuclear Polynesian:
        Eastern Polynesian:
        Marquesic:
        Hawaiian: niu
        Mangarevan: niu
        South Marquesan: niu
        Rapa Nui: niu
        Tahitic:
        Māori: niu (“divining stick”)
        Rakahanga-Manihiki: niu
        Rarotongan: nū, niu (dialectal)
        Tahitian: niu (archaic)
        Western Polynesian:
        Ellicean–Outlier:
        Kapingamarangi: niu
        Nukumanu: niu
        Sikaiana: niu
        Tuvaluan: niu
        Futunic:
        Anuta: niu
        East Futuna: niu
        Futuna-Aniwa: niu
        Tikopia: niu
        Samoic:
        Pukapukan: niu
        Samoan: niu
        Tokelauan: niu
        Tongic:
        Niuafo'ou: niu
        Niuean: niu
        Tongan: niu
      - West Fijian-Rotuman:
        Rotuman: niu
        Western Fijian: niu
    - Proto-Micronesian: *niu
      - Nauruan: ini (“coconut palm”)
      - Nuclear Micronesian:
        Gilbertese: ni
        Marshallese: ni
        Chuukic–Pohnpeic:
        Proto-Chuukic: *núú
        Chuukese: nú
        Ulithian–Woleaian:
        Woleaian: liu
        Pohnpeic:
        Pohnpeian: nih
        Mokilese: ni
    - Southeast Solomonic:
      - Bugotu–Gela:
        Bughotu: niu
        Gela: niu
      - Malaita–Makira:
        'Are'are: niu
        Arosi: niu
        Lau: niu
        Kwaio: niu
        Sa'a: niu
        To'abaita: niu
    - Southern Oceanic:
      - Aore: niu
      - Avava: ani
      - Drehu: nu
      - Iaai: nu
      - Nengone: wanu
  - Mussau-Emira: niu
  - Western Oceanic:
    - Meso-Melanesian:
      - Nakanai: la liu
      - Tigak: nik
      - Tolai: niu
    - North New Guinea:
      - Schouten:
        Kairiru: niu
        Manam: niu
      - Huon Gulf:
        Labu: ni
      - Ngero–Vitiaz:
        Gedaged: niu
        Gitua: niu
        Kove: niu
        Lusi: niu
        Mbula: ni
      - Sarmi–Jayapura:
        Sobei: niwe
    - Papuan Tip:
      - Bwanabwana: niu
      - Kilivila: nuya
      - Molima: niula, niu
      - Motu: niu

References

Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*niuR”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI
Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen (2010–), “*niuʀ”, in The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary