Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/žiti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gīˀwetei, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷíh₃weti.

Baltic cognates include Lithuanian gýti (“to heal; to recover”).

Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit जीवति (jī́vati), Latin vīvō (“to live”) (infinitive vīvere).

Verb

*žìti^[1]

to live

Inflection

Conjugation of *žiti, *ži(tъ), *živetь (?, -V/C-, t-aorist, accent paradigm c)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*žitьje	*žiti	*žitъ	*žilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*žitъ	*živomъ
Active	*živъ	*živy

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*žixъ	*ži(tъ)	*ži(tъ)	*živǫ	*živeši	*živetь
Dual	*žixově	*žista	*žiste	*živevě	*živeta	*živete
Plural	*žixomъ	*žiste	*žišę	*živemъ	*živete	*živǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*živěaxъ	*živěaše	*živěaše	—	*živi	*živi
Dual	*živěaxově	*živěašeta	*živěašete	*živěvě	*živěta	—
Plural	*živěaxomъ	*živěašete	*živěaxǫ	*živěmъ	*živěte	—

Conjugation of *žiti, žive, *živetь (?, -V/C-, _/ox-aorist, accent paradigm c)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*žitьje	*žiti	*žitъ	*žilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*žitъ	*živomъ
Active	*živъ	*živy

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	živ(ox)ъ	žive	žive	*živǫ	*živeši	*živetь
Dual	živ(ox)ově	živ(e/os)ta	živ(e/os)te	*živevě	*živeta	*živete
Plural	živ(ox)omъ	živ(e/os)te	živǫ, živošę	*živemъ	*živete	*živǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*živěaxъ	*živěaše	*živěaše	—	*živi	*živi
Dual	*živěaxově	*živěašeta	*živěašete	*živěvě	*živěta	—
Plural	*živěaxomъ	*živěašete	*živěaxǫ	*živěmъ	*živěte	—

Related terms

*gojiti (“to treat, to heal”)
*gojь
*žito (“grain, corn”)
*živěti
*živica
*životъ (“life”)
*živъ (“alive”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: жити (žiti)
  - Old Ruthenian: жи́ти (žíti), жы́ти (žýti)
    - Belarusian: жыць (žycʹ)
    - Carpathian Rusyn: жы́ти (žŷ́ty)
    - Ukrainian: жи́ти (žýty)
  - Russian: жить (žitʹ)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Cyrillic: жити (žiti)
  
  Glagolitic: ⰶⰻⱅⰻ (žiti)
- Slovene: žíti (tonal orthography) (archaic)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: žíti
  - Czech: žít
- Old Polish: żyć, żywać
  - Polish: żyć
  - Silesian: żyć
- Polabian: zait
- Pomeranian:
  - Kashubian: żëc
  - Slovincian: żëc
- Old Slovak: žiť
  - Pannonian Rusyn: жиц (žic)
  - Slovak: žiť
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: žić
  - Lower Sorbian: žyś

References

^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*žìti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 562: “v. (c) ‘live’”

[1] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*žìti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 562: “v. (c) ‘live’”

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