Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/darъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *dōˀra, from an earlier *dōˀran, from Proto-Indo-European *déh₃rom (“gift”), from the root *deh₃- (“to give”), turning masculine by Illič-Svityč's rule.

Direct cognates are Ancient Greek δῶρον (dôron, “gift”), Old Armenian տուր (tur). Indirect cognates (with the suffix -no) are Latin dōnum (“gift”), Sanskrit दान (dāná, “gift”).

Reconstruction

Vasmer and Derksen assume an original v-stem, but ESSJa claims that the forms with -ov- are secondary. Sławski claims that the evidence in inconclusive, and the history of the word as well as the derivatives indicate a coexistence of a v-stem.

Noun

*dȃrъ m

1. gift (given to another)

   *darъmь/*daromь ― for free

   *dati darъmь/*daromь ― to give for free

   *vъ darъ dati ― to give as a gift

   *božьjь darъ ― something sent by God

2. (figuratively) talent, gift (ability)
3. (in the plural) ceremonial gifts offered to the bride and groom during a wedding or exchanged during the wedding between the closest relatives and newlyweds

Inflection

Declension of *dȃrъ (u-stem, accent paradigm c)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*dȃrъ	*dȃry	*dȃrove
genitive	*dȃru	*darovù	*daròvъ
dative	*dȃrovi	*darъmà	*dȃrъmъ
accusative	*dȃrъ	*dȃry	*dȃry
instrumental	*dȃrъmь	*darъmà	*darъmì
locative	*darú	*darovù	*dȃrъxъ
vocative	*daru	*dȃry	*dȃrove

Derived terms

• *dariti
• *darovati
• *darovitъ
• *darovъ
• *darovьinъ
• *darъkъ
• *darьba
• *darьje
• *darьmo
• *darьnъ

Related terms

• *dati (“to give”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: даръ (darŭ)
    • Belarusian: дар (dar)
    • Russian: дар (dar)
    • Ukrainian: дар (dar)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Cyrillic: даръ (darŭ)

    Glagolitic: ⰴⰰⱃⱏ (darŭ)

  • Bulgarian: дар (dar)
  • Macedonian: дар (dar)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: да̑р

    Latin script: dȃr

  • Slovene: dȃr (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: dar
    • Czech: dar
  • Polish: dar
  • Slovak: dar
  • Pomeranian:
    • Kashubian: dôr
    • Slovincian: dor
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: dar
    • Upper Sorbian: dar

• Non-Slavic:
  • → Albanian: dari, darit, daris
  • → Romanian: dar

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “дар”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1977), “*darъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков (in Russian), numbers 4 (*čaběniti – *děľa), Moscow: Nauka, page 191
• Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1976), “*darъ”, in Słownik prasłowiański (in Polish), volume 2 (caca – davьnota), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 346