Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/jьgo

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From earlier *jiga, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *jū́ˀga, from Proto-Indo-European *yugóm. Cognate with Latin iugum, Proto-Germanic *juką, and Sanskrit युग (yuga).

Snoj attributes secondary s-stem declension as reanalyzed under the influence of semantically related s-stem Proto-Slavic *oje (“shaft, thill”).

Noun

*jь̏go n

1. yoke

   Synonym: *arьmo

Declension

Declension of *jь̏go (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*jь̏go	*jь̏dzě	*jьgà
genitive	*jь̏ga	*jьgù	*jь̀gъ
dative	*jь̏gu	*jьgomà	*jьgòmъ
accusative	*jь̏go	*jь̏dzě	*jьgà
instrumental	*jь̏gъmь, *jь̏gomь*	*jьgomà	*jьgý
locative	*jь̏dzě	*jьgù	*jьdzě̃xъ
vocative	*jь̏go	*jь̏dzě	*jьgà

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Secondary:

Declension of *jь̏go (s-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*jь̏go	*jьžesi	*jьžesa
genitive	*jьžese	*jьžesu	*jьžesъ
dative	*jьžesi	*jьžesьma	*jьžesьmъ
accusative	*jь̏go	*jьžesi	*jьžesa
instrumental	*jьžesьmь	*jьžesьma	*jьžesy
locative	*jьžese	*jьžesu	*jьžesьxъ
vocative	*jь̏go	*jьžesi	*jьžesa

Derived terms

• *jьžica (diminutive)
• *jьgъla (“yoke-pin, needle”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: иго (igo)
    • Belarusian: і́га (íha)
    • Russian: и́го (ígo)
    • Ukrainian: і́го (ího)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: иго (igo)

    Glagolitic script: ⰹⰳⱁ (igo)

  • Bulgarian: и́го (ígo), dial. юго (jugo), иг m (ig)
    • ⇒ Bulgarian: и́жица (ížica, “wedge”)
    • ⇒ Bulgarian: юга́вица (jugávica, “water springtail”) (possibly)
  • Macedonian: иго (igo)
  • Serbo-Croatian: (archaic)

    Cyrillic script: и́го

    Latin script: ígo

  • Slovene: igọ̑ (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: jho
    • Czech: jho, juhana (possibly)
  • Kashubian: jigò, jugò, jigoe, jigø
  • Polabian: jaiďü
  • Polish: igo, Igołomia
  • Old Slovak: jho
    • Slovak: jho
  • Slovincian: vjigô

• Non-Slavic:
  • → Proto-Finnic: *iges
    • Estonian: ike
    • Finnish: ies

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “иго”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “иго”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volumes 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 334
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*jьgo”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 206
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1979), “иго”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 2 (и – крепя̀), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 7