Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/stojiti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Denominal from Proto-Slavic *stojь + *-iti.

The South Slavic descendants are used in parallel to the imperfective Proto-Slavic *stojati to denote punctual events. The East Slavic forms have been reinterpreted as imperfective around 18 cent., probably under the influence of Polish stać (“to cost, to be worth”), a calque of German kosten.

Verb

*stojiti pf (imperfective *stojati)

1. (intransitive) to transpire, to take place/effect
2. (transitive) to adjust, to bring in position
3. (reflexive) to bring oneself under some condition

Conjugation

Conjugation of *stojiti, *stoji, *stojitь (perf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*stojenьje	*stojiti	*stojitъ	*stojilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*stojenъ	—
Active	*stojь	—

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*stojixъ	*stoji	*stoji	*stojǫ	*stojiši	*stojitь
Dual	*stojixově	*stojista	*stojiste	*stojivě	*stojita	*stojite
Plural	*stojixomъ	*stojiste	*stojišę	*stojimъ	*stojite	*stojętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	—	—	—	—	*stoji	*stoji
Dual	—	—	—	*stojivě	*stojita	—
Plural	—	—	—	*stojimъ	*stojite	—

Notes:
• (*)*stojivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle
• In perfective verbs, present expresses future

Later:

Conjugation of *stojiti, *stoji, *stojitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*stojenьje	*stojiti	*stojitъ	*stojilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*stojenъ	*stojimъ
Active	*stojь	*stoję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*stojixъ	*stoji	*stoji	*stojǫ	*stojiši	*stojitь
Dual	*stojixově	*stojista	*stojiste	*stojivě	*stojita	*stojite
Plural	*stojixomъ	*stojiste	*stojišę	*stojimъ	*stojite	*stojętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*stojaaxъ	*stojaaše	*stojaaše	—	*stoji	*stoji
Dual	*stojaaxově	*stojaašeta	*stojaašete	*stojivě	*stojita	—
Plural	*stojaaxomъ	*stojaašete	*stojaaxǫ	*stojimъ	*stojite	—

Notes:
• (*)*stojivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Related terms

Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *steh₂-‎ (0 c, 12 e)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Russian: сто́ить (stóitʹ, “to cost, to be worth”)
  • Ukrainian: сто́ïти (stóïty, “to cost, to be worth”)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: стоя́ (stojá), сто́вам (stóvam, “to get involved, to become”) (rare, dialectal)
    • ⇒ Bulgarian: съ́стоя (sǎ́stoja, “to take place”), застоя́ (zastojá, “to fixate, to immobilize”)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: стоити (rare)

    Latin script: stojiti (rare)

Further reading

• Šanskij, N. M. (2004) “стоить”, in Školʹnyj etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [School Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Drofa
• Todorov, T. A., Racheva, M., editors (2010), “стоя”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 7 (слòво – теря̀свам), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 480