Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tъkati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Unclear. Proposed etymologies include:

• Miklošič (followed by Snoj, Vasmer): From Proto-Indo-European *tewk- (“to seed, to press”) or possibly *(s)tewk- (“to shove, to push”). Cognate with Latvian taucêt (“to pound”) and akin to Ancient Greek τύκος (túkos, “malleus”), τυκίζω (tukízō, “to clench”).
• Pokorny: Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *tek- (“to weave, to plait”), related to Latin texō (“to weave”), Old High German dūhen (“to press”).

Verb

*tъkàti impf (perfective *tъknǫti)

1. to prick, pierce
2. to weave

Inflection

Conjugation of *tъkati, *tъka, *tъčetь (impf., -a/C-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)

Suffix: *-ati

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*tъkanьje	*tъkati	*tъkatъ	*tъkalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*tъkanъ	*tъkomъ
Active	*tъkavъ	*tъky

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*tъkaxъ	*tъka	*tъka	*tъkǫ	*tъčeši	*tъčetь
Dual	*tъkaxově	*tъkasta	*tъkaste	*tъčevě	*tъčeta	*tъčete
Plural	*tъkaxomъ	*tъkaste	*tъkašę	*tъčemъ	*tъčete	*tъkǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*tъkaaxъ	*tъkaaše	*tъkaaše	—	*tъci	*tъci
Dual	*tъkaaxově	*tъkaašeta	*tъkaašete	*tъcěvě	*tъcěta	—
Plural	*tъkaaxomъ	*tъkaašete	*tъkaaxǫ	*tъcěmъ	*tъcěte	—

Later reanalyzed among some daughter languages as:

Conjugation of *tъkati, *tъka, *tъkajetь (imph, -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)

Suffix: *-ati

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*tъkanьje	*tъkati	*tъkatъ	*tъkalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*tъkanъ	*tъkajemъ
Active	*tъkavъ	*tъkaję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*tъkaxъ	*tъka	*tъka	*tъkajǫ	*tъkaješi	*tъkajetь
Dual	*tъkaxově	*tъkasta	*tъkaste	*tъkajevě	*tъkajeta	*tъkajete
Plural	*tъkaxomъ	*tъkaste	*tъkašę	*tъkajemъ	*tъkajete	*tъkajǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*tъkaaxъ	*tъkaaše	*tъkaaše	—	*tъkaji	*tъkaji
Dual	*tъkaaxově	*tъkaašeta	*tъkaašete	*tъkajivě	*tъkajita	—
Plural	*tъkaaxomъ	*tъkaašete	*tъkaaxǫ	*tъkajimъ	*tъkajite	—

Derived terms

• *tъkačь (“weaver (agent)”)
• *tъkadlo (“weaver (tool)”)
• *tъkanь (“fabric, texture”)
• *tъčivo (“texture, weaved product”)

Related terms

• *tykъ (“shove, push”)
  • *tykati (“to push”)
• *tъčьnъ (“exact”)
• *tъčьka (“point”)
• *tъkъmo (“just now, only”) (adverb)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Belarusian: ткаць (tkacʹ)
  • Russian: ткать (tkatʹ)
  • Ukrainian: тка́ти (tkáty)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: тъкати (tŭkati)
  • Bulgarian: тъка́ (tǎká), dial. тъча́ (tǎčá)
  • Macedonian: ткае (tkae)
  • Serbo-Croatian: tkȁti
  • Slovene: tkáti (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: tkáti
    • Czech: tkát
  • Kashubian: tkac
  • Old Polish: tkać
    • Polish: tkać
  • Slovak: tkať
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: tkaś
    • Upper Sorbian: tkać

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “ткать”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• ткати in Горох.ua (Етимологія)