Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/arm

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *armaz.

Noun

*arm m

2. arm

Inflection

Masculine a-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*arm(a)
Genitive	*armas
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*arm(a)	*armōs
Accusative	*arm(a)	*armā
Genitive	*armas	*armō
Dative	*armē	*armum
Instrumental	*armu	*armum

Descendants

• Old English: earm, arm — Anglian
  • Middle English: arm
    • English: arm
    • Middle Scots: arm, arme
      • Scots: airm
    • Yola: arrm
• Old Frisian: erm
  • North Frisian:

    Föhr-Amrum: iarem

    Halligen: eerm

    Heligoland: iaarem

    Mooring: ärm

    Sylt: Jerem

  • Saterland Frisian: Íerm, Äirm (Strukelje)
  • West Frisian: earm
• Old Saxon: arm
  • Middle Low German: arm
    • Low German:
      • German Low German:

        Hamburgisch: Arm

        Westphalian:

        Ravensbergisch: Ārm

        Lippisch: Arm

        Sauerländisch: Ārm, Ārem, Oarm

        Westmünsterländisch: Arm

      • Plautdietsch: Oam, Oarm
• Old Dutch: arm
  • Middle Dutch: arm
    • Dutch: arm
      • Afrikaans: arm
      • Javindo: arrem
      • Negerhollands: arm, erm
    • Limburgish: erm
• Old High German: arm, aram, arma
  • Middle High German: arm, arn
    • Alemannic German: Aare, Arm, Are, Arme
    • Bavarian: Oarm

      Cimbrian: arm

    • Central Franconian: Ärm, Arm, Orm (Moselle Franconian)

      Hunsrik: Aarem

    • German: Arm
    • Luxembourgish: Aarm
    • Rhine Franconian:
      • Pennsylvania German: Aarm
    • Yiddish: אָרעם (orem)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *armaz.

Adjective

*arm (comparative *armōʀō, superlative *armōst)

2. poor, miserable

   Synonyms: *armalīk, *blaut, *unlād, *wainag

3. pitiful, pitiable

Inflection

a-stem
Singular	Masculine
Nominative	*arm
Genitive	*armas
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*arm	*armu	*arm
Accusative	*armanā	*armā	*arm
Genitive	*armas	*armeʀā	*armas
Dative	*armumē	*armeʀē	*armumē
Instrumental	*armu	*armeʀu	*armu
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*armē	*armō	*armu
Accusative	*armā	*armā	*armu
Genitive	*armeʀō	*armeʀō	*armeʀō
Dative	*armēm, *armum	*armēm, *armum	*armēm, *armum
Instrumental	*armēm, *armum	*armēm, *armum	*armēm, *armum

Derived terms

• *armiþu

Descendants

• Old English: earm
  • Middle English: arm
    • English: arm
    • Scots: arm
• Old Frisian: erm
  • Saterland Frisian: äärm
  • West Frisian: earm
• Old Saxon: *arm
  • Middle Low German: arm
    • German Low German: arm
    • Plautdietsch: oam, oarm
• Old Dutch: arm
  • Middle Dutch: arm
    • Dutch: arm
      • Afrikaans: arm
      • Berbice Creole Dutch: arum
      • Jersey Dutch: arm
      • Negerhollands: aerm
      • Petjo: arm
    • Limburgish: erm
• Old High German: arm
  • Middle High German: arm
    • Cimbrian: arm
    • German: arm
    • Luxembourgish: aarm
    • Plautdietsch: aarem
    • Yiddish: אָרעם (orem)