Wiktionary:About Jeju

This is a Wiktionary policy, guideline or common practices page. This is a draft proposal. It is unofficial, and it is unknown whether it is widely accepted by Wiktionary editors. Policies – Entries: CFI - EL - NORM - NPOV - QUOTE - REDIR - DELETE. Languages: LT - AXX. Others: BLOCK - BOTS - VOTES.

Main category: Jeju language

Jeju is a critically-endangered Koreanic language spoken on Jeju Island, descended largely from Middle Korean, with some terms derived from Old Korean directly. Jeju did not have a vibrant written history until very recently, so pre-revitalization-efforts Jeju is extremely difficult to find outside of mentions. Due to it being related to Korean, there exists a continuum between Jeju and Jeju-tinged Korean; however, it is not yet clear where one ends and one begins in terms of entries.

Orthograhy

Entries should be lemmatized at the orthography prescribed by the 제주어 표기법, created by the Provincial Jeju Government, and further expanded on by the 제주어 표기법 해설. This means the following:

• Spellings using the ㆍ (aw) and ᆢ (yaw) should be prioritized over those that do not.
• In the case of ㅢ (ui), excluding Hanja terms, the spelling with ㅣ (i) should be prioritized.
• In the case of ㅚ (oe), excluding Hanja terms, the spelling with ㅞ (we) should be prioritized.
• For usage examples and individual entries, 어ᇝ (-eom-) & 엇 (-eot-) should be used over other various forms.
• In the case of verb and adjective dictionary forms stated to have an epenthetic 으 (-eu-) by various dictionaries, one should lemmatize the entry at the non-epenthetic spelling. For example, ᄀᆞᇀ다 (gawtda) is the main entry with ᄀᆞ트다 (gawteuda) linking to it.
• The forms derived from terms involving the Middle Korean glide ㆎ (oy) should be lemmatized at the ㅔ (e) form in Jeju instead of ㅐ (ae) as in Korean, unless proven otherwise.
• In the case of terms that have a direct Old Korean inheritance and an Early Modern Korean borrowing, the former should be lemmatized, with the latter being listed as a synonym. The same applies to native Jeju terms vs clear Korean borrowings.

The above guidelines should be followed, unless the other form is much more common in Jeju texts that already follow a somewhat standard writing style. The 표기법 is silent on the issue of 으니 (-euni) vs 은이 (-euni), 느냐 (-neunya) vs 는야 (-neunya), etc. that Yang et al (2019) posit, and as such, this issue remains unresolved. Additionally, when it comes to allomorphic forms of 으 (-eu-), (이 (-i-) & 우 (-u-)) that Yang et al (2019) use, they should be prioritized, even though the 표기법 somewhat proscribes it.

As in Korean, use ^ for capitalization in entries: {{l|jje|^제주}} yields 제주 (Jeju).

Hyphens are stripped from display but not from links (Module:script utilities):

• {{m|jje|-게}}→게 (-ge);

Romanization

Jeju on Wiktionary uses the Revised Romanization system, with modifications for new characters. Transliteration is done automatically per Module:jje-translit, so there's no need to add a manual transliteration, unless there's a stark difference.

Hanja

As Hanja has not been cited in native Jeju literature, do NOT create Hanja entries for Jeju.

Entry layout

Etymology

Jeju terms should be linked to any Old Korean and/or Middle Korean terms when an acceptable form is found, with the following caveats.

Native Jeju

For native Jeju terms:

• Terms that have an intervocalic ㅅ (s) should not be inherited from the respective Middle Korean term with ㅿ (z). They should instead be listed as inherited from the Old Korean form, if it exists. For terms that mirror the Modern Korean form, showing the loss of intervocalic ㅅ (s), they should be listed as borrowed from the Early Modern Korean cognate.

  For example:

  There are two descendants in Jeju of Old Korean 秋察 (*KOsol, *KOcol): ᄀᆞ슬 (gawseul) and ᄀᆞ을 (gaweul). The former, clearly preserving the ㅅ (s), is listed as coming directly from the aforementioned Old Korean term; however, the latter doublet without ㅅ (s) is listed as being borrowed from Early Modern Korean ᄀᆞ을 (koul). This follows the diacronic development discussed in John Stonham (2011), “Middle Korea ㅿ and the Cheju dialect".

• Terms that have ᆢ (yaw) should either be inherited directly from the attested Old Korean ancestor or from a reconstructed pre-Middle Korean form without linking to it. An example can be seen in ᄋᆢᄃᆞᆸ (yawdawp).

"Sino-Jeju"

For general terms of Sino origin:

• Use {{ko-etym-sino|nocat=1}} until a Jeju-specific template has been created.
• If a Sino-looking term does not follow typical Jeju Sino readings, mark it as a borrowing from Korean, using {{bor+|jje|ko}}.
• It's currently unclear what to do about orthographic borrowings from Japanese. For now, use {{obor|jje|ja}}

Borrowed terms

For borrowings said to come from Japanese:

• Use {{bor+|jje|ja}} to show it as a borrowing from Japanese. Ex: 미깡 (mikkang)

For borrowings said to come from Mongolian:

• Use {{bor+|jje|xng}} to show it as a borrowing from Middle Mongol, and list the related Mongolian term as a cognate. Ex: 녹대 (nokdae).

For borrowings said to come from Manchu:

• Use {{bor+|jje|juc}} to show it as a borrowing from Jurchen, and list the related Manchu term as a cognate. Ex: ᄉᆞᆼ키 (sawngki).

For other borrowings:

• Use {{bor+|jje|language code}}. Ex: 사포 (sapo).

For terms of unclear origin:

• Use {{unc|jje}} if the origin has been debated in reputable sources, but no definite answer has been given.
• Use {{unk|jje}} if the origin is completely unknown to reputable sources. Ex: 따문 (ttamun).

Cognates

List related Korean cognates using {{cog|ko}}.

Multiple etymologies

For pages with multiple etymologies under the same Jeju L2, make sure to use {{etymid}} to disambiguate between them when linking to the page.

Pronunciation

Use {{jje-IPA}} if possible, even while it's in beta. However, if you see an error or something that looks out of place, feel free to put {{rfp|jje}} which will add it to Category:Requests for pronunciation in Jeju entries. This way, it's easier to track the issues that are occurring instead of trying to track manually inputted IPA.

Headword

Parts of speech

As of right now, dedicated Jeju headword templates have yet to be created; as such, use {{head|jje|POS}} with "POS" being the respective part-of-speech. Part-of-speech on Wiktionary should align with the below:

• "Noun" for 명사 (myeongsa, “nouns”).
  • "Bound noun" for 의존명사 (uijonmyeongsa, “bound nouns”), minus explicit measure words.
  • "Pronoun" for 대명사 (daemyeongsa, “pronouns”) .
• "Verb" for 동사 (dongsa, “Jeju verbs”), explicitly not for 형용사 (hyeong'yongsa).
  • "Verb" for inflected forms of Jeju verbs.
• "Adjective" for 형용사 (hyeong'yongsa, “Jeju adjectives”), even when the English translation seems to indicate a verb.
  • "Adjective" for inflected forms of Jeju adjectives.
  • "Determiner" for 관형사 (gwanhyeongsa).
• "Adverb" for 부사 (busa, “adverbs”), except 의성어 (uiseong'eo, “onomatopoeia”) and 의태어 (uitaeeo, “mimetic words”).
• "Particle" for 조사 (josa, “particles”).
• "Prefix" for 접두어 (jeopdueo, “prefixes”).
• "Suffix" for 어미 (eomi, “verb endings”) and 접미어 (jeommieo, “suffixes”).
• "Numeral" for 수사 (susa, “numbers”). Make sure to use {{number box}} as well at the start of the entry.
  • "Counter" for 수분류사 (subullyusa, “counters”).
• "Ideophone" for 의성어 (uiseong'eo, “onomatopoeia”) and 의태어 (uitaeeo, “mimetic words”).
• "Interjection" for 감탄사 (gamtansa, “interjections”).
• "Phrase" for general phrases, which follow the WT:Phrasebook guidelines.
  • "Proverb" for 속담 (sokdam, “proverbs”).

Verbs and adjective inflection and conjugation

For now, since we do not have dedicated conjugation modules and templates for Jeju, we will list the infinitive and sequential forms in the headword line. Jeju has two infinitives, one with 언/안 (-eon/-an) 엉/앙 (-eong/-ang). Both should be listed. The sequential form in use will involve the 으난 (-eunan) suffix. For forms with contractions in infinitives, those should be listed as well. This will look something like this:

• {{head|jje|verb/adjective|infinitive|-언 form|or|-엉 form|sequential|-(으)난 form}}. For existing examples, see: 멩글다 (menggeulda) and ᄒᆞ다 (hawda).

In the future for conjugation templates, the following speech levels should be listed to help facilitate searches:

• ᄒᆞᆸ서체 (hawpseoche) (e.g. ᄒᆞᆸ네다, ᄒᆞ여ᇝ수과): Formal and polite, including both 읍네다 (-eumneda) & 우다 (-uda) forms
• ᄒᆞ라체 (hawrache) (e.g. ᄒᆞᆫ다, ᄒᆞ자): Formal and non-polite
• ᄒᆞ여체 (hawyeoche) (e.g. ᄒᆞ연, 헷어): Informal, of neutral to low politeness
• ᄒᆞ여마씀체 (hawyeomasseumche) (e.g. ᄒᆞ게마씀, ᄒᆞ는가마씀): Informal, polite

Definition

Do NOT assume that a Jeju word will have the same meaning as a Korean word and leave it at that. Several Jeju cognates have completely different meanings and nuances, so make sure to do proper research before creating an entry. Ex: Jeju 감저 (gamjeo) means "sweet potato," while Korean 감자 (gamja) means "potato". The respective word for "potato" in Jeju is 지슬 (jiseul), while "sweet potato" in Korean is 고구마 (goguma).

Collocations

If possible, add collocations using {{coi|jje}}.

Quotations

Since Jeju is a critically-endangered language, it is paramount to its success and revitalization that proper quotations and usage examples be added to entries as much as possible. Even though Jeju only started to have a written history in the 1980s, there are now plenty of sources to pull from for quotations. This not only helps to give light to the different Jeju writers of our age, but it also gives readers more context, following the guidelines in WT:CFI and WT:QUOTE. Sources can also be audiovisual as well. Do not update spellings in quotes themselves; however, if a quote deviates far from the current orthography, feel free to use the {{quote|norm=}} parameter. A list of vetted sources can be found in the Sources section below.

Alternative forms

Alternative forms in Jeju entries include the following:

• Dialectal forms, meaning forms that are marked with a specific location in Jeju dictionaries. If all forms are marked with a location, then the most common form should be lemmatized.
• Proscribed forms, Contractions, Allomorphic forms (for suffixes and particles)

Usage notes

Detailed information about the usage or connotations of a word. Since Jeju differs significantly from English, a word may require significant explication about how the sense of a word differs from its simple English translation.

Derived terms

If derived terms are listed in the reference you're pulling from, make sure to add them at the same time. This helps a ton with keeping entries linked together and making it clear which entries still need to be made.

Images

If possible, try to add an image to the entry as it significantly helps to illustrate the meaning. Images can be pulled from Wikimedia Commons, and should be added to the top of the entry.

References

If any part of the entry is sourced from any other site or resource, make sure to list it as a reference. Here are some already-created reference templates:

• {{R:JDD}}: “제주” in Jeju Dialect Dictionary, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province.
• {{R:Jeju-eo Talking Dictionary}}: “제주” in Andrew Cheng; K. David Harrison, Jeju-eo Talking Dictionary, Living Tongues Institute for Endangered Languages, 2014.
• {{R:jje:Jejueo Sajeon}}: 제주문화예술재단 [jejumunhwayesuljaedan] (2009) “제주”, in 개정증보 제주어사전 [gaejeongjeungbo jejueosajeon]‎^[2], 제주특별자치도 [jejuteukbyeoljachido], →ISBN

• {{R:jje:JJMIH}}: 고동호, 송상조, 오창명, 문순덕, 오승훈 (2015 December) 제줏말의 이해 [jejunmarui ihae, Understanding Jeju]‎^[3] (overall work in Korean), 제주특별자치도: 제주발전연구원 제주학연구센터 [jejubaljeonyeon'guwon jejuhagyeon'gusenteo], →ISBN

• {{R:jje:JTLKJI}}: Changyong Yang, Sejung Yang, William O'Grady (2020) Jejueo: The Language of Korea’s Jeju Island, Honolulu, USA: University of Hawai‘i Press, →DOI, →ISBN, →JSTOR

Basic example

This is a simple entry for the word 사름, and shows the most fundamental elements of an article:

1. the word’s language (as a level 2 heading),
2. its part of speech or "type" (as a level 3 heading),
3. the word itself (using the correct Part of Speech template),
4. a definition (preceded by #, which causes automatic numbering),
5. and links in the definition or translation for key words.

This example can be copied and used to start an article or section of an article.

==Jeju==

===Noun===
{{head|jje|noun}}

# [[person]], [[human]]

Featured examples

For examples of complete and detailed entries, take a look at 벗 (beot) (FWOTD for March 25, 2023) and ᄀᆞ슬 (gawseul) for inspiration.

Sources

Below is a list of high-quality sources to reference and/or pull quotations from:

• 제주어보전회 (Jeju Preservation Society) homepage: A helpful Google search is site:jejueo.com "term"
• 개정 증보 제주어사전 (Revised Jeju Dictionary) - 916 pages: Written in the former Jeju orthography, so make sure to check spellings with newer resources.
• Jejueo: The Language of Korea’s Jeju Island: Primer written in English with plenty of quotes written in Jeju orthography.
• 제줏말의 이해 (Understanding Jeju): More of a grammar introduction but has ample quotations.
• 제주어와 영어로 ᄀᆞᆮ는 제주 이야기: A Guide to Jeju Spoken in the Language of Jeju and English: Has some older spellings, along with more modern concepts. Do not solely rely on it for attestation.
• 제주어 1: Jeju Textbook for Korean natives.
• Animations aimed at children and teens: Unless one is familiar with Jeju pronunciation, do not try to transcribe the audio on your own.
• Drama playlist 1 & Drama playlist 2: Same as above.

Do NOT use

• Digital Museum: Jeju's culture and language: Should NOT be used on its own. Has been proven to be very unreliable.