adoucir
French
Etymology
From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Old French adolcir, from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Latin ad (“to, toward”) + dulcis (“sweet”) + Old French verbal suffix -ir
Pronunciation
Verb
adoucir
- to make mild
- to sweeten
- La sauce est trop salée ; je vais l’adoucir un peu.
- The sauce is too salty; I'll sweeten it a bit.
- to soften
- Il existe plusieurs méthodes pour adoucir l’eau.
- Several methods exist for softening water.
- (figuratively, by extension) to appease
- (reflexive, s'adoucir) to become milder
Conjugation
This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.
Conjugation of adoucir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive | simple | adoucir | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | adoucissant /a.du.si.sɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | adouci /a.du.si/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | adoucis /a.du.si/ |
adoucis /a.du.si/ |
adoucit /a.du.si/ |
adoucissons /a.du.si.sɔ̃/ |
adoucissez /a.du.si.se/ |
adoucissent /a.du.sis/ |
imperfect | adoucissais /a.du.si.sɛ/ |
adoucissais /a.du.si.sɛ/ |
adoucissait /a.du.si.sɛ/ |
adoucissions /a.du.si.sjɔ̃/ |
adoucissiez /a.du.si.sje/ |
adoucissaient /a.du.si.sɛ/ | |
past historic2 | adoucis /a.du.si/ |
adoucis /a.du.si/ |
adoucit /a.du.si/ |
adoucîmes /a.du.sim/ |
adoucîtes /a.du.sit/ |
adoucirent /a.du.siʁ/ | |
future | adoucirai /a.du.si.ʁe/ |
adouciras /a.du.si.ʁa/ |
adoucira /a.du.si.ʁa/ |
adoucirons /a.du.si.ʁɔ̃/ |
adoucirez /a.du.si.ʁe/ |
adouciront /a.du.si.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | adoucirais /a.du.si.ʁɛ/ |
adoucirais /a.du.si.ʁɛ/ |
adoucirait /a.du.si.ʁɛ/ |
adoucirions /a.du.si.ʁjɔ̃/ |
adouciriez /a.du.si.ʁje/ |
adouciraient /a.du.si.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | adoucisse /a.du.sis/ |
adoucisses /a.du.sis/ |
adoucisse /a.du.sis/ |
adoucissions /a.du.si.sjɔ̃/ |
adoucissiez /a.du.si.sje/ |
adoucissent /a.du.sis/ |
imperfect2 | adoucisse /a.du.sis/ |
adoucisses /a.du.sis/ |
adoucît /a.du.si/ |
adoucissions /a.du.si.sjɔ̃/ |
adoucissiez /a.du.si.sje/ |
adoucissent /a.du.sis/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | adoucis /a.du.si/ |
— | adoucissons /a.du.si.sɔ̃/ |
adoucissez /a.du.si.se/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Derived terms
Further reading
- “adoucir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
Categories:
- French terms derived from Old French
- French terms derived from Latin
- French 3-syllable words
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- Rhymes:French/iʁ
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- French verbs
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- French verbs with conjugation -ir
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