arfen

Galician

Verb

arfen

1. inflection of arfar:
   1. third-person plural present subjunctive
   2. third-person plural imperative

Old Irish

Etymology

air- + Proto-Celtic *winati (“enclose”) (the Old Irish simplex *fenaid is unattested), from Proto-Indo-European *weh₁y- (“to weave, wind”); see also Sanskrit व्ययति (vyáyati), Latin vieō and Russian вить (vitʹ, “to wind, twist, weave”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /aɾˈɸʲen/

Verb

ar·fen (verbal noun airbe)

1. to fence off
   • c. 700, the Irish Infancy Gospel of Thomas, stanza 1; published in "Two Old Irish Poems", in Ériu 18 (1958), pp. 1-27, edited and with translations by James Carney :

     Imbu macán cóic bliadnae Ísu mac Dé bí, sénais dá huiscén dëac; arros·fí de crí. [MS. IMbu macan coigbliadhna iosa mac de bhi Senais da huiscen deac, ar ros fi de crí]

     When Jesus, son of the living God, was a little five-year-old boy, he blessed twelve small pools; he had fenced them in with clay.

2. to exclude

Inflection

Complex, class B IV present, reduplicated preterite

		active						passive
		singular			plural			singular	plural
		1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
present indicative	deut.			ar·fen			ar·fenat	ar·fenar
	prot.
imperfect indicative	deut.
	prot.
preterite	deut.
	prot.
perfect	deut.			arros·fí (with infixed pronoun s-)
	prot.
future	deut.
	prot.
conditional	deut.
	prot.
present subjunctive	deut.
	prot.
past subjunctive	deut.
	prot.
imperative
verbal noun		airbe
past participle
verbal of necessity

Related terms

• for·fen

Mutation

Mutation of ar·fen

radical	lenition	nasalization
ar·fen	ar·ḟen	ar·fen pronounced with /β̃ʲ-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “ar-fen”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language