búaid

Old Irish

Alternative forms

• boid (archaic)

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *boudi (“victory”) (compare Welsh budd (“profit”)), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰówdʰi (“victory”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /buːa̯ðʲ/

Noun

búaid n (genitive búaide, nominative plural búada)

1. victory, triumph
   • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 11^a4

     Rethit huili, et is oínḟer gaibes búaid diib inna chomalnad.

     All run, and it is one man of them who gets victory for completing it (lit. in its completion).

   • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 43^b7

     a mbuaid glosses triumphus

2. special quality, gift, virtue
   • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 27^c20

     búaid precepte

     the gift of teaching

3. profit, advantage, benefit

Usage notes

Used attributively in the genitive singular to mean victorious, triumphal, pre-eminent, precious.

Inflection

Neuter i-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	búaidN, bóid, búaith	búaidN, bóid, búaith	búaideL
Vocative	búaidN, bóid, búaith	búaidN, bóid, búaith	búaideL
Accusative	búaidN, bóid, búaith	búaidN, bóid, búaith	búaideL
Genitive	búadoH, búadaH, búade	búadoH, búadaH, búade	búaideN
Dative	búaidL, bóid, búaith	búaidib	búaidib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: H = triggers aspiration L = triggers lenition N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

• Irish: bua
• Scottish Gaelic: buaidh

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
búaid	búaid pronounced with /β(ʲ)-/	mbúaid
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 búaid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language