calidus

Latin

Alternative forms

• caldus

Etymology

From caleō (“I am warm or hot; glow”) +‎ -idus.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈka.li.dus/, [ˈkälʲɪd̪ʊs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈka.li.dus/, [ˈkäːlid̪us]

Adjective

calidus (feminine calida, neuter calidum, comparative calidior, superlative calidissimus); first/second-declension adjective

1. (literary) warm, hot

   Synonyms: (informal) caldus, (archaic) formus

   Antonym: frigidus

2. fiery, fierce, vehement
3. spirited, impassioned
4. rash, eager, inconsiderate
5. (rare) having a white spot on the forehead

Usage notes

• In the sense "hot water", the syncopated form calda is particularly common. Emperor Augustus "corrects [his grandson Gaius Caesar] for saying calidam rather than caldam, not because it's not Latin, but because it's annoying and, as he himself puts it in Greek, περίεργον (períergon, “affected, overdone”)".
• The form with -i- is completely absent from the surviving fragments of Petronius' Satyricon as inappropriate for representing informal speech, at least in the literal meaning.

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

Number	Singular				Plural
Case / Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	calidus	calida	calidum		calidī	calidae	calida
Genitive	calidī	calidae	calidī		calidōrum	calidārum	calidōrum
Dative	calidō		calidō		calidīs
Accusative	calidum	calidam	calidum		calidōs	calidās	calida
Ablative	calidō	calidā	calidō		calidīs
Vocative	calide	calida	calidum		calidī	calidae	calida

Antonyms

• frīgidus, frī̆gdus

Derived terms

• caldāmentum
• caldāria
• caldārium
• caldārius
• caldāriola
• caldor
• caldūmen
• calidē
• caliditās
• excaldō

Related terms

Related terms

• calefaciō
• calefactābilis
• calefactiō
• calefactō
• calefactōrius
• calefactus
• caleō
• calēscō
• calor
• calōrātus
• calōrificus

Descendants

See also caldus.

• Insular Romance:
  • Sardinian: calidu
• Borrowings:
  • → Asturian: cálidu
  • → Italian: calido
  • → Portuguese: cálido
  • → Spanish: cálido

Further reading

• “calidus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “calidus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• calidus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• calidus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.