frigidus

Latin

Alternative forms

• fricdus, frigdus (Vulgar or Late Latin, Appendix Probi)
• fridus (Vulgar or Late Latin, Pompeian inscriptions)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *sríHgos

Proto-Italic *srīgos

Latin frīgus

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti

Proto-Indo-European *-yeti

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁yeti

Proto-Italic *-ējō

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁tiinflu.

Proto-Italic *-ēō

Latin -eō

Latin frīgeō

Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.

Proto-Italic *-iðos

Latin -idus

Latin frīgidus

From frīgeō (“to be cold”) + -idus.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈfriː.ɡɪ.dʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈfriː.d͡ʒi.dus]
• Hyphenation: frī‧gi‧dus

Adjective

frīgidus (feminine frīgida, neuter frīgidum, comparative frīgidior, superlative frīgidissimus, adverb frīgidē); first/second-declension adjective

1. cold, cool, chilling, frigid

   Synonyms: algidus, gelidus

   Antonym: calidus

   • 8 CE, Ovidius, Fasti 4.683–684:

     frīgida Carseolīs nec olīvīs apta ferendīs
     terrā, sed ad segetēs ingeniōsus ager

     [It was] cold in the land of Carseoli, not even fit for growing olives,
     but with soil well-adapted for grain crops.
     (See Carsoli.)

2. (figuratively) indifferent, feeble
3. (figuratively) dull, flat, insipid, trivial, pointless, vain
   • 61 CE – c. 112 CE, Plinius Minor, Epistulae 1.9:

     Quot dies quam frigidis rebus absumpsi!

     How many days have I wasted through vapid things!

   • 121 CE, Suetonius, De vita Caesarum Vita Gai 26:

     Leve ac frigidum sit his addere

     It would be trivial and pointless to add to this

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

	singular				plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	frīgidus	frīgida	frīgidum		frīgidī	frīgidae	frīgida
genitive	frīgidī	frīgidae	frīgidī		frīgidōrum	frīgidārum	frīgidōrum
dative	frīgidō	frīgidae	frīgidō		frīgidīs
accusative	frīgidum	frīgidam	frīgidum		frīgidōs	frīgidās	frīgida
ablative	frīgidō	frīgidā	frīgidō		frīgidīs
vocative	frīgide	frīgida	frīgidum		frīgidī	frīgidae	frīgida

Derived terms

• frīgida
• frīgidārius
• frīgidē
• frīgiditās
• frīgidiusculus
• frīgidō
• frīgidulus
• frīgidum

Descendants

• Insular Romance:
  • Sardinian: frittu
• Italo-Dalmatian:
  • Corsican: freddu, frettu, fritu
  • Istriot: frido
  • Italian: freddo
    • →? Spanish: fredo
  • Neapolitan: friddo, frito, fritu
  • Sicilian: friddu
  • Venetan: fredo, fret
• Rhaeto-Romance:
  • Friulian: frêt, frêd
  • Ladin: frëit
  • Romansh: fred, freid, fraid
• Gallo-Italic:
  • Emilian: fradd, frèd
  • Ligurian: freido
  • Lombard: fregg, fred, hegg
  • Piedmontese: frèid, fregg
  • Romagnol: frèd
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Northern:
    • Franco-Provençal: frêd
    • Old French: freid, frait, freit, froit
      • Middle French: froit
        • French: froid
      • Norman: fraid, fré, fréi (Guernsey), freid (continental)
      • Walloon: froed
  • Southern:
    • Occitan:
      • Auvergnat: fred, freid
      • Gascon: hred, hered
      • Languedocien: freg, fred (southern)
      • Limousin: fred, freid
      • Provençal: freid, fred
      • Vivaro-Alpine: freid, fred
    • Old Catalan: fret
      • Catalan: fred
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Asturian: fríu, friyu, frigu
  • Mirandese: friu
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: frio
    • Galician: frío
    • Portuguese: frio
  • Old Navarro-Aragonese: fredo, frido
    • Aragonese: fredo
  • Old Spanish: frido, frio
    • Ladino: friyo, frio
    • Spanish: frío
• Borrowings:
  • → Catalan: frígid
  • → English: frigid
  • → French: frigide
  • → Italian: frigido
  • → Portuguese: frígido
  • → Romanian: frigid
  • → Spanish: frígido

References

• “frigidus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “frigidus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "frigidus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “frigidus”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.