chronological

English

Etymology

Etymology tree

Ancient Greek χρόνος (khrónos)bor.

English chrono-

Proto-Indo-European *leǵ-

Ancient Greek λόγος (lógos)

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂

Proto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂

Proto-Hellenic *-íā

Ancient Greek -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā)

Ancient Greek -λογῐ́ᾱ (-logĭ́ā)bor.

Latin -logialbor.

French -logiebor.

English -logy

Proto-Indo-European *-kos

Proto-Indo-European *-ikos

Proto-Italic *-ikos

Latin -icuslbor.

Old French -iquebor.

Middle English -ic

Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.?

Proto-Italic *-ālis

Latin -ālisbor.

Old French -albor.

▲

Latin -ālis

Old French -elbor.

▲

Latin -ālisbor.

Middle English -al

Middle English -ical

English -ical

English -logical

▲

English chrono-

▲

English -logy

English chronology

▲

English -ical

English chronological

From chrono- +‎ -logical or chronology +‎ -ical.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˌkɹɒnəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkəl/

  • Audio (Southern England):

    (file)

• (General American, Atlantic Canada) IPA^(key): /ˌkɹɑnəˈlɑd͡ʒɪkəl/

  • Audio (Texas):

    (file)

• (Canada, dialects of the US) IPA^(key): /ˌkɹɒnəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkəl/
• (Australian) IPA^(key): /ˌkɹɔnəˈlɔd͡ʒɪkəl/
• (New Zealand) IPA^(key): /ˌkɹɒnəˈlɒd͡ʒəkəl/, [ˌkɹɔ̟nəˈlɔ̟d͡ʒəkəl]
• Hyphenation: chro‧no‧log‧i‧cal

Adjective

chronological (comparative more chronological, superlative most chronological)

1. Relating to time, or units of time.

   He is 67 in chronological age, but has the mind and body of someone 55.

2. In order of time from the earliest to the latest.

   The live report lists all the events in chronological order.

   • 8 November 2014, Kirsty Gunn, “A Book of Death and Fish by Ian Stephen – review”, in The Guardian‎^[1]:

     A Book of Death and Fish is about one Peter MacAulay, an unremarkable individual who has the sea and its promises always with him, experiencing the usual strains of growing up and growing old – the death of a friend, his parents, marriage and children – all set out in chronological order and divided into two books, Migration and Turbulence.

   1. (films, shows, books, etc) Relating to the arrangement of events in the order in which they occur within a story, rather than the order in which they are released.

Derived terms

• achronological
• antichronological
• astrochronological
• biochronological
• cosmochronological
• dendrochronological
• geochronological
• gyrochronological
• lepidochronological
• magnetochronological
• nonchronological
• palaeochronological
• paleochronological
• ptilochronological
• radiochronological
• sclerochronological
• skeletochronological
• tephrochronological
• thermochronological
• typochronological
• unchronological

Related terms

• chronicle (which see for more)
• chronograph
• chronological age
• chronologically
• chronological order
• chronology

Translations

in order of time from the earliest to the latest

• Afrikaans: chronologies, kronologies
• Arabic: مُرَتَّب زَمَنِيَّا (murattab zamaniyyā)
• Armenian: ժամանակագրական (hy) (žamanakagrakan)
• Belarusian: храналагі́чны (xranalahíčny)
• Bulgarian: хронологически (hronologičeski)
• Catalan: cronològic
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 按時間先後 / 按时间先后 (àn shíjiān xiānhòu)

• Czech: chronologický
• Danish: kronologisk
• Dutch: chronologisch (nl)
• Esperanto: kronologia, tempa
• Estonian: kronoloogiline
• Finnish: kronologinen (fi)
• French: chronologique (fr)
• Galician: cronolóxico
• Georgian: ქრონოლოგიური (kronologiuri)
• German: chronologisch (de), zeitlich (de)
• Greek: χρονολογικός (el) (chronologikós)
• Hebrew: כּרוֹנוֹלוֹגִי (he)
• Hungarian: időrendi (hu), kronológiai, kronologikus (hu)
• Indonesian: kronologis (id)
• Irish: cróineolaíoch
• Italian: cronologico (it)
• Japanese: 経時的 (けいじてき, keijiteki)
• Kazakh: хронологиялық (xronologiälyq)
• Korean: 연대기의 (yeondaegiui)
• Latvian: hronoloģisks
• Lithuanian: chronologinis, chronologiškas
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: kronologisk

  Nynorsk: kronologisk

• Persian: زمانی (fa) (zamâni)
• Polish: chronologiczny (pl)
• Portuguese: cronológico (pt)
• Romanian: cronologic (ro) m
• Russian: хронологический (ru) (xronologičeskij)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: хронолошки (Bosnia, Serbia), кронолошки (Croatia)

  Latin: hronološki (Bosnia, Serbia), kronološki (sh) (Croatia)

• Slovak: chronologický
• Slovene: kronološki
• Spanish: cronológico (es)
• Swedish: kronologisk (sv)
• Turkish: kronolojik (tr)
• Ukrainian: хронологічний (xronolohičnyj)

References

Douglas Harper (2001–2026), “chronological”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.