crudus

Latin

It may be dissimilated from earlier *crūrus, from Proto-Italic *krūros, itself from *kruh₂rós, from *krewh₂- (“raw meat, fresh blood”).^[1] Alternatively, Sihler suggests dissimilation from a pre-form *krowros.^[2] However, de Vaan argues that the required dissimilation is unusual and "cannot be accepted without further support."^[3]
Nussbaum has suggested that the term may derive from *krewh₂-idʰos. However, according to de Vaan, such a PIE form would be expected to develop into Proto-Italic *krowiðos, which could only produce crūdus via syncope. Thus, de Vaan doubts this etymology, arguing that syncope is unusual for adjectives in -idus.^[3]
De Vaan alternatively suggests a possible derivation from *krowoðos, from *krewh₂-odʰ-os.^[3]

Cognate with English raw.

	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
	singular			plural
nominative	crūdus	crūda	crūdum	crūdī	crūdae	crūda
genitive	crūdī	crūdae	crūdī	crūdōrum	crūdārum	crūdōrum
dative	crūdō	crūdae	crūdō	crūdīs
accusative	crūdum	crūdam	crūdum	crūdōs	crūdās	crūda
ablative	crūdō	crūdā	crūdō	crūdīs
vocative	crūde	crūda	crūdum	crūdī	crūdae	crūda

Aromanian: crud
→ Asturian: crudu
Catalan: cru
Dalmatian: croit
Franco-Provençal: cru
Friulian: crût, crûd
Italian: crudo
Ligurian: crûo
→ Middle English: crude
- English: crude (see there for further descendants)
Occitan: crus
Old French: cru, creu
- Middle French: crud
  - French: cru
Old Galician-Portuguese: cruu
- Galician: cru
- Portuguese: cru (see there for further descendants)
Piedmontese: cru
Romanian: crud
Romansh: criv, criu, criev, crüj
Sardinian: cru, crudu, cruo, cruu
Sicilian: crudu
→ Spanish: crudo
⇒ Translingual: Crudia
Venetan: cruo, cru, cruf

^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 71
^ Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 226
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “crūdus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 146

“crudus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“crudus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
“crudus”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
crudus in Ramminger, Johann (16 July 2016 (last accessed)), Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎^[1], pre-publication website, 2005-2016