cynhesu

Welsh

Etymology

From cynnes (“warm”) +‎ -u.

Pronunciation

• (North Wales) IPA^(key): /kənˈhɛsɨ/
• (South Wales, standard) IPA^(key): /kənˈhɛsi/
  • (South Wales, colloquial) IPA^(key): /ˈknɛsi/

Verb

cynhesu (first-person singular present cynhesaf)

1. to become warm, to warm up, to heat up

   Synonym: twymo

   Antonym: oeri

2. to make warm, to warm up, to heat, to heat up

   Synonym: twymo

   Antonym: oeri

Conjugation

Conjugation (literary)

	singular			plural			impersonal
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present indicative/future	cynhesaf	cynhesi	cynhesa	cynheswn	cynheswch	cynhesant	cynhesir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional	cynheswn	cynhesit	cynhesai	cynhesem	cynhesech	cynhesent	cynhesid
preterite	cynhesais	cynhesaist	cynhesodd	cynesasom	cynesasoch	cynesasant	cynheswyd
pluperfect	cynesaswn	cynesasit	cynesasai	cynesasem	cynesasech	cynesasent	cynesasid, cynesesid
present subjunctive	cynheswyf	cynhesych	cynheso	cynhesom	cynhesoch	cynhesont	cynheser
imperative	—	cynhesa	cynhesed	cynheswn	cynheswch	cynhesent	cynheser
verbal noun	cynhesu
verbal adjectives	cynesedig cynesadwy

Conjugation (colloquial)

inflected colloquial forms	singular			plural
	first	second	third	first	second	third
future	cynhesa i, cynhesaf i	cynhesi di	cynhesith o/e/hi, cynhesiff e/hi	cynheswn ni	cynheswch chi	cynhesan nhw
conditional	cynheswn i	cynheset ti	cynhesai fo/fe/hi	cynhesen ni	cynhesech chi	cynhesen nhw
preterite	cynhesais i, cynheses i	cynhesaist ti, cynhesest ti	cynhesodd o/e/hi	cynheson ni	cynhesoch chi	cynheson nhw
imperative	—	cynhesa	—	—	cynheswch	—

Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Mutation

Mutated forms of cynhesu

radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
cynhesu	gynhesu	nghynhesu	chynhesu

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “cynhesu”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies