Southern Ndebele
Etymology
From Proto-Nguni *-ehla, from Proto-Bantu *-jìka.
Verb
-ehla
- to descend, to go down [with full; or with or; or with locative]
Inflection
This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Swazi
Etymology
From Proto-Nguni *-ehla, from Proto-Bantu *-jìka.
Verb
-éhla
- to go down, to descend
Inflection
This entry needs an inflection-table template.
Zulu
Etymology
From Proto-Nguni *-ehla, from Proto-Bantu *-jìka.
Verb
-ehla
- to descend, to go down [with full; or with or; or with locative]
- to slope downwards, to be inclined
Inflection
Tone L
|
Infinitive
|
ukwehla
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
Infinitive
|
ukwehla
|
ukungehli
|
|
Imperative
|
|
Simple
|
+ object concord
|
Singular
|
yehla
|
-ehle
|
Plural
|
yehlani
|
-ehleni
|
|
Present
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyehla, ngehla
|
engehlayo, engehla
|
ngehla
|
angehli
|
engingehli
|
ngingehli
|
2nd singular
|
uyehla, wehla
|
owehlayo, owehla
|
wehla
|
awehli
|
ongehli
|
ungehli
|
1st plural
|
siyehla, sehla
|
esehlayo, esehla
|
sehla
|
asehli
|
esingehli
|
singehli
|
2nd plural
|
niyehla, nehla
|
enehlayo, enehla
|
nehla
|
anehli
|
eningehli
|
ningehli
|
Class 1
|
uyehla, wehla
|
owehlayo, owehla
|
ehla
|
akehli
|
ongehli
|
engehli
|
Class 2
|
bayehla, behla
|
abehlayo, abehla
|
behla
|
abehli
|
abangehli
|
bengehli
|
Class 3
|
uyehla, wehla
|
owehlayo, owehla
|
wehla
|
awehli
|
ongehli
|
ungehli
|
Class 4
|
iyehla, yehla
|
eyehlayo, eyehla
|
yehla
|
ayehli
|
engehli
|
ingehli
|
Class 5
|
liyehla, lehla
|
elehlayo, elehla
|
lehla
|
alehli
|
elingehli
|
lingehli
|
Class 6
|
ayehla, ehla
|
ehlayo, ehla
|
ehla
|
awehli
|
angehli
|
engehli
|
Class 7
|
siyehla, sehla
|
esehlayo, esehla
|
sehla
|
asehli
|
esingehli
|
singehli
|
Class 8
|
ziyehla, zehla
|
ezehlayo, ezehla
|
zehla
|
azehli
|
ezingehli
|
zingehli
|
Class 9
|
iyehla, yehla
|
eyehlayo, eyehla
|
yehla
|
ayehli
|
engehli
|
ingehli
|
Class 10
|
ziyehla, zehla
|
ezehlayo, ezehla
|
zehla
|
azehli
|
ezingehli
|
zingehli
|
Class 11
|
luyehla, lwehla
|
olwehlayo, olwehla
|
lwehla
|
alwehli
|
olungehli
|
lungehli
|
Class 14
|
buyehla, behla
|
obehlayo, obehla
|
behla
|
abehli
|
obungehli
|
bungehli
|
Class 15
|
kuyehla, kwehla
|
okwehlayo, okwehla
|
kwehla
|
akwehli
|
okungehli
|
kungehli
|
Class 17
|
kuyehla, kwehla
|
okwehlayo, okwehla
|
kwehla
|
akwehli
|
okungehli
|
kungehli
|
|
Recent past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngehlile, ngehlē
|
engehlile, engehlē
|
ngehlile, ngehlē
|
angehlanga
|
engingehlanga
|
ngingehlanga
|
2nd singular
|
wehlile, wehlē
|
owehlile, owehlē
|
wehlile, wehlē
|
awehlanga
|
ongehlanga
|
ungehlanga
|
1st plural
|
sehlile, sehlē
|
esehlile, esehlē
|
sehlile, sehlē
|
asehlanga
|
esingehlanga
|
singehlanga
|
2nd plural
|
nehlile, nehlē
|
enehlile, enehlē
|
nehlile, nehlē
|
anehlanga
|
eningehlanga
|
ningehlanga
|
Class 1
|
wehlile, wehlē
|
owehlile, owehlē
|
ehlile, ehlē
|
akehlanga
|
ongehlanga
|
engehlanga
|
Class 2
|
behlile, behlē
|
abehlile, abehlē
|
behlile, behlē
|
abehlanga
|
abangehlanga
|
bengehlanga
|
Class 3
|
wehlile, wehlē
|
owehlile, owehlē
|
wehlile, wehlē
|
awehlanga
|
ongehlanga
|
ungehlanga
|
Class 4
|
yehlile, yehlē
|
eyehlile, eyehlē
|
yehlile, yehlē
|
ayehlanga
|
engehlanga
|
ingehlanga
|
Class 5
|
lehlile, lehlē
|
elehlile, elehlē
|
lehlile, lehlē
|
alehlanga
|
elingehlanga
|
lingehlanga
|
Class 6
|
ehlile, ehlē
|
ehlile, ehlē
|
ehlile, ehlē
|
awehlanga
|
angehlanga
|
engehlanga
|
Class 7
|
sehlile, sehlē
|
esehlile, esehlē
|
sehlile, sehlē
|
asehlanga
|
esingehlanga
|
singehlanga
|
Class 8
|
zehlile, zehlē
|
ezehlile, ezehlē
|
zehlile, zehlē
|
azehlanga
|
ezingehlanga
|
zingehlanga
|
Class 9
|
yehlile, yehlē
|
eyehlile, eyehlē
|
yehlile, yehlē
|
ayehlanga
|
engehlanga
|
ingehlanga
|
Class 10
|
zehlile, zehlē
|
ezehlile, ezehlē
|
zehlile, zehlē
|
azehlanga
|
ezingehlanga
|
zingehlanga
|
Class 11
|
lwehlile, lwehlē
|
olwehlile, olwehlē
|
lwehlile, lwehlē
|
alwehlanga
|
olungehlanga
|
lungehlanga
|
Class 14
|
behlile, behlē
|
obehlile, obehlē
|
behlile, behlē
|
abehlanga
|
obungehlanga
|
bungehlanga
|
Class 15
|
kwehlile, kwehlē
|
okwehlile, okwehlē
|
kwehlile, kwehlē
|
akwehlanga
|
okungehlanga
|
kungehlanga
|
Class 17
|
kwehlile, kwehlē
|
okwehlile, okwehlē
|
kwehlile, kwehlē
|
akwehlanga
|
okungehlanga
|
kungehlanga
|
|
Remote past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngēhla
|
engēhla
|
ngēhla
|
angehlanga
|
engingehlanga
|
ngingehlanga
|
2nd singular
|
wēhla
|
owēhla
|
wēhla
|
awehlanga
|
ongehlanga
|
ungehlanga
|
1st plural
|
sēhla
|
esēhla
|
sēhla
|
asehlanga
|
esingehlanga
|
singehlanga
|
2nd plural
|
nēhla
|
enēhla
|
nēhla
|
anehlanga
|
eningehlanga
|
ningehlanga
|
Class 1
|
wēhla
|
owēhla
|
ēhla
|
akehlanga
|
ongehlanga
|
engehlanga
|
Class 2
|
bēhla
|
abēhla
|
bēhla
|
abehlanga
|
abangehlanga
|
bengehlanga
|
Class 3
|
wēhla
|
owēhla
|
wēhla
|
awehlanga
|
ongehlanga
|
ungehlanga
|
Class 4
|
yēhla
|
eyēhla
|
yēhla
|
ayehlanga
|
engehlanga
|
ingehlanga
|
Class 5
|
lēhla
|
elēhla
|
lēhla
|
alehlanga
|
elingehlanga
|
lingehlanga
|
Class 6
|
ēhla
|
ēhla
|
ēhla
|
awehlanga
|
angehlanga
|
engehlanga
|
Class 7
|
sēhla
|
esēhla
|
sēhla
|
asehlanga
|
esingehlanga
|
singehlanga
|
Class 8
|
zēhla
|
ezēhla
|
zēhla
|
azehlanga
|
ezingehlanga
|
zingehlanga
|
Class 9
|
yēhla
|
eyēhla
|
yēhla
|
ayehlanga
|
engehlanga
|
ingehlanga
|
Class 10
|
zēhla
|
ezēhla
|
zēhla
|
azehlanga
|
ezingehlanga
|
zingehlanga
|
Class 11
|
lwēhla
|
olwēhla
|
lwēhla
|
alwehlanga
|
olungehlanga
|
lungehlanga
|
Class 14
|
bēhla
|
obēhla
|
bēhla
|
abehlanga
|
obungehlanga
|
bungehlanga
|
Class 15
|
kwēhla
|
okwēhla
|
kwēhla
|
akwehlanga
|
okungehlanga
|
kungehlanga
|
Class 17
|
kwēhla
|
okwēhla
|
kwēhla
|
akwehlanga
|
okungehlanga
|
kungehlanga
|
|
Potential
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngingehla
|
—
|
ngingehla
|
ngingehle
|
—
|
ngingehle
|
2nd singular
|
ungehla
|
—
|
ungehla
|
ungehle
|
—
|
ungehle
|
1st plural
|
singehla
|
—
|
singehla
|
singehle
|
—
|
singehle
|
2nd plural
|
ningehla
|
—
|
ningehla
|
ningehle
|
—
|
ningehle
|
Class 1
|
angehla
|
—
|
engehla
|
angehle
|
—
|
engehle
|
Class 2
|
bangehla
|
—
|
bengehla
|
bangehle
|
—
|
bengehle
|
Class 3
|
ungehla
|
—
|
ungehla
|
ungehle
|
—
|
ungehle
|
Class 4
|
ingehla
|
—
|
ingehla
|
ingehle
|
—
|
ingehle
|
Class 5
|
lingehla
|
—
|
lingehla
|
lingehle
|
—
|
lingehle
|
Class 6
|
angehla
|
—
|
engehla
|
angehle
|
—
|
engehle
|
Class 7
|
singehla
|
—
|
singehla
|
singehle
|
—
|
singehle
|
Class 8
|
zingehla
|
—
|
zingehla
|
zingehle
|
—
|
zingehle
|
Class 9
|
ingehla
|
—
|
ingehla
|
ingehle
|
—
|
ingehle
|
Class 10
|
zingehla
|
—
|
zingehla
|
zingehle
|
—
|
zingehle
|
Class 11
|
lungehla
|
—
|
lungehla
|
lungehle
|
—
|
lungehle
|
Class 14
|
bungehla
|
—
|
bungehla
|
bungehle
|
—
|
bungehle
|
Class 15
|
kungehla
|
—
|
kungehla
|
kungehle
|
—
|
kungehle
|
Class 17
|
kungehla
|
—
|
kungehla
|
kungehle
|
—
|
kungehle
|
|
Immediate future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngizokwehla
|
engizokwehla
|
ngizokwehla
|
angizukwehla
|
engingezukwehla
|
ngingezukwehla
|
2nd singular
|
uzokwehla
|
ozokwehla
|
uzokwehla
|
awuzukwehla
|
ongezukwehla
|
ungezukwehla
|
1st plural
|
sizokwehla
|
esizokwehla
|
sizokwehla
|
asizukwehla
|
esingezukwehla
|
singezukwehla
|
2nd plural
|
nizokwehla
|
enizokwehla
|
nizokwehla
|
anizukwehla
|
eningezukwehla
|
ningezukwehla
|
Class 1
|
uzokwehla
|
ozokwehla
|
ezokwehla
|
akazukwehla
|
ongezukwehla
|
engezukwehla
|
Class 2
|
bazokwehla
|
abazokwehla
|
bezokwehla
|
abazukwehla
|
abangezukwehla
|
bengezukwehla
|
Class 3
|
uzokwehla
|
ozokwehla
|
uzokwehla
|
awuzukwehla
|
ongezukwehla
|
ungezukwehla
|
Class 4
|
izokwehla
|
ezokwehla
|
izokwehla
|
ayizukwehla
|
engezukwehla
|
ingezukwehla
|
Class 5
|
lizokwehla
|
elizokwehla
|
lizokwehla
|
alizukwehla
|
elingezukwehla
|
lingezukwehla
|
Class 6
|
azokwehla
|
azokwehla
|
ezokwehla
|
awazukwehla
|
angezukwehla
|
engezukwehla
|
Class 7
|
sizokwehla
|
esizokwehla
|
sizokwehla
|
asizukwehla
|
esingezukwehla
|
singezukwehla
|
Class 8
|
zizokwehla
|
ezizokwehla
|
zizokwehla
|
azizukwehla
|
ezingezukwehla
|
zingezukwehla
|
Class 9
|
izokwehla
|
ezokwehla
|
izokwehla
|
ayizukwehla
|
engezukwehla
|
ingezukwehla
|
Class 10
|
zizokwehla
|
ezizokwehla
|
zizokwehla
|
azizukwehla
|
ezingezukwehla
|
zingezukwehla
|
Class 11
|
luzokwehla
|
oluzokwehla
|
luzokwehla
|
aluzukwehla
|
olungezukwehla
|
lungezukwehla
|
Class 14
|
buzokwehla
|
obuzokwehla
|
buzokwehla
|
abuzukwehla
|
obungezukwehla
|
bungezukwehla
|
Class 15
|
kuzokwehla
|
okuzokwehla
|
kuzokwehla
|
akuzukwehla
|
okungezukwehla
|
kungezukwehla
|
Class 17
|
kuzokwehla
|
okuzokwehla
|
kuzokwehla
|
akuzukwehla
|
okungezukwehla
|
kungezukwehla
|
|
Remote future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyokwehla
|
engiyokwehla
|
ngiyokwehla
|
angiyukwehla
|
engingeyukwehla
|
ngingeyukwehla
|
2nd singular
|
uyokwehla
|
oyokwehla
|
uyokwehla
|
awuyukwehla
|
ongeyukwehla
|
ungeyukwehla
|
1st plural
|
siyokwehla
|
esiyokwehla
|
siyokwehla
|
asiyukwehla
|
esingeyukwehla
|
singeyukwehla
|
2nd plural
|
niyokwehla
|
eniyokwehla
|
niyokwehla
|
aniyukwehla
|
eningeyukwehla
|
ningeyukwehla
|
Class 1
|
uyokwehla
|
oyokwehla
|
eyokwehla
|
akayukwehla
|
ongeyukwehla
|
engeyukwehla
|
Class 2
|
bayokwehla
|
abayokwehla
|
beyokwehla
|
abayukwehla
|
abangeyukwehla
|
bengeyukwehla
|
Class 3
|
uyokwehla
|
oyokwehla
|
uyokwehla
|
awuyukwehla
|
ongeyukwehla
|
ungeyukwehla
|
Class 4
|
iyokwehla
|
eyokwehla
|
iyokwehla
|
ayiyukwehla
|
engeyukwehla
|
ingeyukwehla
|
Class 5
|
liyokwehla
|
eliyokwehla
|
liyokwehla
|
aliyukwehla
|
elingeyukwehla
|
lingeyukwehla
|
Class 6
|
ayokwehla
|
ayokwehla
|
eyokwehla
|
awayukwehla
|
angeyukwehla
|
engeyukwehla
|
Class 7
|
siyokwehla
|
esiyokwehla
|
siyokwehla
|
asiyukwehla
|
esingeyukwehla
|
singeyukwehla
|
Class 8
|
ziyokwehla
|
eziyokwehla
|
ziyokwehla
|
aziyukwehla
|
ezingeyukwehla
|
zingeyukwehla
|
Class 9
|
iyokwehla
|
eyokwehla
|
iyokwehla
|
ayiyukwehla
|
engeyukwehla
|
ingeyukwehla
|
Class 10
|
ziyokwehla
|
eziyokwehla
|
ziyokwehla
|
aziyukwehla
|
ezingeyukwehla
|
zingeyukwehla
|
Class 11
|
luyokwehla
|
oluyokwehla
|
luyokwehla
|
aluyukwehla
|
olungeyukwehla
|
lungeyukwehla
|
Class 14
|
buyokwehla
|
obuyokwehla
|
buyokwehla
|
abuyukwehla
|
obungeyukwehla
|
bungeyukwehla
|
Class 15
|
kuyokwehla
|
okuyokwehla
|
kuyokwehla
|
akuyukwehla
|
okungeyukwehla
|
kungeyukwehla
|
Class 17
|
kuyokwehla
|
okuyokwehla
|
kuyokwehla
|
akuyukwehla
|
okungeyukwehla
|
kungeyukwehla
|
|
Present subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngehle
|
ngingehli
|
2nd singular
|
wehle
|
ungehli
|
1st plural
|
sehle
|
singehli
|
2nd plural
|
nehle
|
ningehli
|
Class 1
|
ehle
|
angehli
|
Class 2
|
behle
|
bangehli
|
Class 3
|
wehle
|
ungehli
|
Class 4
|
yehle
|
ingehli
|
Class 5
|
lehle
|
lingehli
|
Class 6
|
ehle
|
angehli
|
Class 7
|
sehle
|
singehli
|
Class 8
|
zehle
|
zingehli
|
Class 9
|
yehle
|
ingehli
|
Class 10
|
zehle
|
zingehli
|
Class 11
|
lwehle
|
lungehli
|
Class 14
|
behle
|
bungehli
|
Class 15
|
kwehle
|
kungehli
|
Class 17
|
kwehle
|
kungehli
|
|
Past subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngehla
|
ngangehla, angehla, angangehla
|
2nd singular
|
wehla
|
wangehla, awehla, awangehla
|
1st plural
|
sehla
|
sangehla, asehla, asangehla
|
2nd plural
|
nehla
|
nangehla, anehla, anangehla
|
Class 1
|
wehla
|
wangehla, akehla, akangehla
|
Class 2
|
behla
|
bangehla, abehla, abangehla
|
Class 3
|
wehla
|
wangehla, awehla, awangehla
|
Class 4
|
yehla
|
yangehla, ayehla, ayangehla
|
Class 5
|
lehla
|
langehla, alehla, alangehla
|
Class 6
|
ehla
|
angehla, awehla, awangehla
|
Class 7
|
sehla
|
sangehla, asehla, asangehla
|
Class 8
|
zehla
|
zangehla, azehla, azangehla
|
Class 9
|
yehla
|
yangehla, ayehla, ayangehla
|
Class 10
|
zehla
|
zangehla, azehla, azangehla
|
Class 11
|
lwehla
|
lwangehla, alwehla, alwangehla
|
Class 14
|
behla
|
bangehla, abehla, abangehla
|
Class 15
|
kwehla
|
kwangehla, akwehla, akwangehla
|
Class 17
|
kwehla
|
kwangehla, akwehla, akwangehla
|
Derived terms
References