ὀξύς

See also: οξύς

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Traditionally derived as a u-stem o-grade adjective of Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- (“sharp”) and compared with ὄκρῐς (ókris, “point, prominence”); however, such a stem and ablaut combination is rather strange. An alternatively theory by Narten reconstructs the word's root as Proto-Indo-European *h₃ks-, comparing Sanskrit अक्ष्णोति (akṣṇoti, “to mark the ear”), but this is doubtful.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ok.sýs/ → /okˈsys/ → /okˈsis/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ok.sýs/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /okˈsys/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /okˈsys/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /okˈsys/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /okˈsis/

Adjective

ὀξῠ́ς • (oxús) m (feminine ὀξεῖᾰ, neuter ὀξύ); first/third declension

1. sharp, pointed (especially of swords, axes, etc.)
2. (of the senses): sharp, keen

   (of sight): dazzling, bright

   (of sound): shrill, piercing, high, sharp

   (of taste): sharp, pungent, acid

3. quick, hasty, swift
4. sharp, clever

Inflection

First and third declension of ὀξῠ́ς; ὀξεῖᾰ; ὀξῠ́ (Attic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		ὀξῠ́ς oxús	ὀξεῖᾰ oxeîa	ὀξῠ́ oxú		ὀξέε oxée	ὀξείᾱ oxeíā	ὀξέε oxée		ὀξεῖς oxeîs	ὀξεῖαι oxeîai	ὀξέᾰ oxéa
Genitive		ὀξέος oxéos	ὀξείᾱς oxeíās	ὀξέος oxéos		ὀξέοιν oxéoin	ὀξείαιν oxeíain	ὀξέοιν oxéoin		ὀξέων oxéōn	ὀξειῶν oxeiôn	ὀξέων oxéōn
Dative		ὀξεῖ oxeî	ὀξείᾳ oxeíāi	ὀξεῖ oxeî		ὀξέοιν oxéoin	ὀξείαιν oxeíain	ὀξέοιν oxéoin		ὀξέσῐ / ὀξέσῐν oxési(n)	ὀξείαις oxeíais	ὀξέσῐ / ὀξέσῐν oxési(n)
Accusative		ὀξῠ́ν oxún	ὀξεῖᾰν oxeîan	ὀξῠ́ oxú		ὀξέε oxée	ὀξείᾱ oxeíā	ὀξέε oxée		ὀξεῖς oxeîs	ὀξείᾱς oxeíās	ὀξέᾰ oxéa
Vocative		ὀξῠ́ oxú	ὀξεῖᾰ oxeîa	ὀξῠ́ oxú		ὀξέε oxée	ὀξείᾱ oxeíā	ὀξέε oxée		ὀξεῖς oxeîs	ὀξεῖαι oxeîai	ὀξέᾰ oxéa
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		ὀξέως oxéōs				ὀξῠ́τερος oxúteros				ὀξῠ́τᾰτος oxútatos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

First and third declension of ὀξῠ́ς; ὀξέᾰ; ὀξῠ́ (Ionic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		ὀξῠ́ς oxús	ὀξέᾰ oxéa	ὀξῠ́ oxú		ὀξέε oxée	ὀξέᾱ oxéā	ὀξέε oxée		ὀξεῖς oxeîs	ὀξέαι oxéai	ὀξέᾰ oxéa
Genitive		ὀξέος oxéos	ὀξέης oxéēs	ὀξέος oxéos		ὀξέοιν oxéoin	ὀξέαιν oxéain	ὀξέοιν oxéoin		ὀξέων oxéōn	ὀξεέων / ὀξεῶν oxeéōn / oxeôn	ὀξέων oxéōn
Dative		ὀξεῖ oxeî	ὀξέῃ oxéēi	ὀξεῖ oxeî		ὀξέοιν oxéoin	ὀξέαιν oxéain	ὀξέοιν oxéoin		ὀξέσῐ / ὀξέσῐν oxési(n)	ὀξέῃσῐ / ὀξέῃσῐν oxéēisi(n)	ὀξέσῐ / ὀξέσῐν oxési(n)
Accusative		ὀξῠ́ν oxún	ὀξέᾰν oxéan	ὀξῠ́ oxú		ὀξέε oxée	ὀξέᾱ oxéā	ὀξέε oxée		ὀξέᾰς oxéas	ὀξέᾱς oxéās	ὀξέᾰ oxéa
Vocative		ὀξῠ́ oxú	ὀξέᾰ oxéa	ὀξῠ́ oxú		ὀξέε oxée	ὀξέᾱ oxéā	ὀξέε oxée		ὀξεῖς oxeîs	ὀξέαι oxéai	ὀξέᾰ oxéa
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		ὀξέως oxéōs				ὀξῠ́τερος oxúteros				ὀξῠ́τᾰτος oxútatos
Notes:		Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “sharp”): ἀμβλύς (amblús)
• (antonym(s) of “high-pitched”): βᾰρῠ́ς (barús)

Derived terms

• ὀξεῖᾰ (oxeîa)
• ὄξος (óxos)
• Ὀξυάθρης (Oxuáthrēs)
• ὀξῠ́βᾰφον (oxúbaphon)
• ὀξῠκέφᾰλος (oxuképhalos)
• ὀξύμωρος (oxúmōros)
• ὀξυόεις (oxuóeis)
• ὀξῠπέπερῐ (oxupéperi)
• ὀξῠ́της (oxútēs)
• ὀξῠ́τονος (oxútonos)

 

Descendants

• → English: oxy-
• Greek: οξύς (oxýs)

Further reading

• “ὀξύς”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ὀξύς”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ὀξύς”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ὀξύς in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• ὀξύς in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “ὀξύς”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G3691 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• ὀξύς in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • active idem, page 10.
  • acute idem, page 10.
  • alert idem, page 22.
  • angry idem, page 29.
  • animated idem, page 30.
  • ardent idem, page 38.
  • astute idem, page 48.
  • bright idem, page 98.
  • brisk idem, page 100.
  • choleric idem, page 131.
  • clear idem, page 136.
  • distinct idem, page 241.
  • eager idem, page 258.
  • energetic idem, page 273.
  • fast idem, page 308.
  • fiery idem, page 318.
  • fleet idem, page 327.
  • hasty idem, page 387.
  • highest idem, page 400.
  • hot idem, page 407.
  • impatient idem, page 419.
  • impetuous idem, page 421.
  • impulsive idem, page 425.
  • irascible idem, page 459.
  • irritable idem, page 460.
  • keen idem, page 467.
  • loud idem, page 501.
  • passionate idem, page 597.
  • penetrating idem, page 603.
  • piercing idem, page 612.
  • pushful idem, page 660.
  • quick idem, page 665.
  • ready idem, page 675.
  • sagacious idem, page 731.
  • searching idem, page 746.
  • sensitive idem, page 753.
  • sharp idem, page 762.
  • sharp-sighted idem, page 763.
  • sharp-witted idem, page 763.
  • short idem, page 768.
  • shrewd idem, page 770.
  • shrill idem, page 771.
  • smart idem, page 786.
  • sour idem, page 796.
  • stinging idem, page 818.
  • strenuous idem, page 825.
  • swift idem, page 848.
  • tart idem, page 856.
  • vehement idem, page 946.
  • vigorous idem, page 952.
  • warm idem, page 964.
  • wit idem, page 983.
  • wrath idem, page 992.
  • wrathful idem, page 992.
  • zealous idem, page 997.