# fiber bundle

## English

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### Etymology

Coined as fibre bundle by American mathematician Norman Steenrod in 1951, The Topology of Fibre Bundles. The related usages fiber and fiber space probably derive (as calques respectively of German Faser and gefaserter Räume) from 1933, Herbert Seifert, “Topologie dreidimensionaler gefaserter Räume,” Acta Mathematica, 60, (1933), 147-238.[1][2]

### Noun

fiber bundle (plural fiber bundles)

1. () A topological space E with a base space B and a fiber space F such that any point xB has a neighborhood N that is homeomorphic to the product space B × F (that is, the space is locally the product space B × F, although its global structure can be quite different).
A Möbius strip is a fiber bundle which looks locally (i.e., over a connected proper subset of its base space) like the corresponding part of a cylinder ${\displaystyle S^{1}\times [0,1]}$ (a Möbius strip and a cylinder have isomorphic base spaces). A Klein bottle is a fiber bundle which looks locally like the corresponding part of a torus ${\displaystyle S^{1}\times S^{1}}$ (again they could be thought of as sharing the same base space ${\displaystyle S^{1}}$; cutting out even a single point of that base space makes the cut Klein bottle isomorphic to the cut torus).
In general, a fiber bundle consists of a set of mutually disjoint fibers “over” a base space, which indexes the fibers; there is a copy of some fiber on top of, or projecting (“canonically”) onto each point of the base space.
• 1995, Sunny Y. Auyang, How is Quantum Field Theory Possible?, Oxford University Press, page 214,
In the 1960s, some physicists including E. Lubkin and A. Trautman recognized that interaction potentials can be represented by connections on principal fiber bundles. In 1975, T. T. Wu and C. N. Yang used the fiber bundle method to solve a problem on magnetic monopoles.
• 2001, John M. May, Parallel I/O for High Performance Computing, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, page 236,
One proposed general model for high-level scientific data uses fiber bundles, which Butler and Pendley [22] proposed in 1989. [] A fiber bundle is the Cartesian product of the fibers and the base space; in other words, it is the collection of valid data ranges for the base space.
• 2013, Patrick Iglesias-Zemmour, Diffeology, American Mathematical Society, page 229,
Finding the right notion of fiber bundle for diffeology [Igl85] has been a question raised by the study of the irrational torus ${\displaystyle T_{\alpha }}$ [Dolg85].

#### Usage notes

May be defined formally as the tuple ${\displaystyle (E,\pi ,B)}$ (or sometimes ${\displaystyle (E,\pi ,B,F)}$), where ${\displaystyle E}$, ${\displaystyle B}$ and ${\displaystyle F}$ are topological spaces respectively called the total space, base space and fiber space, and ${\displaystyle \pi :E\rightarrow B}$ is a continuous surjective map called the projection or submersion of the fiber bundle or fiber space. The fiber bundle is sometimes formally identified as the map ${\displaystyle \pi }$, with ${\displaystyle E}$ and ${\displaystyle B}$ being assumed from its definition.