fnḏ

See also: fnD

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (Egyptological) IPA^(key): /fɛnɛd͡ʒ/

Noun

 m

1. nose
2. snout
3. beak

Usage notes

Alternative hieroglyphic writings

fnḏ	fnḏ	fnd

Inflection

Declension of fnḏ (masculine)

singular	fnḏ
dual	fnḏwj
plural	fnḏw

Derived terms

Terms derived from fnḏ

• fnḏj (“Thoth (on account of his long beak)”)

• fnḏ nb (“everyone”)

Verb

1. (intransitive) to be angry at (takes the particle r)

Usage notes

Alternative hieroglyphic writings

fnd

Inflection

Conjugation of fnḏ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: fnḏ, geminated stem: fnḏḏ

voice	aspect / mood	finite forms (all but the imperative can take suffix pronouns)				nonfinite
		relation to the context1			participles
		initial / absolute	non-initial / relative	contingent	relative form	participle
active	perfect	‘perfect’ fnḏ.n		fnḏ.jn	‘perfect’ fnḏ.n	—
	perfective2	first person: use stative forms third person: ‘indicative’ fnḏ	‘old perfect’ fnḏ.t		‘perfective’ fnḏ	‘perfective’ fnḏ
	unmarked (‘aorist’)	‘imperfective’, ‘emphatic’, ‘nominal’ fnḏ	‘perfective’, ‘circumstantial’ fnḏ	fnḏ.ḫr	‘imperfective’ fnḏ(.w)9, fnḏ.y	‘imperfective’ fnḏ(.j), fnḏ.y
	periphrastic imperfective3	jw ḥr fnḏ			—	—
	periphrastic prospective3	jw r fnḏ			—	—
	optative	‘prospective’4 fnḏ	—	fnḏ.kꜣ	‘prospective’ fnḏ.w	‘prospective’6 fnḏ.tj
	jussive	‘subjunctive’4 fnḏ			—	—
		‘imperative’ fnḏ	—		—	—
passive	perfect	‘perfect’ fnḏ.n.tj7, fnḏ.n.tw8	stative verbs: use stative forms5 dynamic verbs: ‘passive’5 fnḏ(.w), fnḏ.y	fnḏ.jn.tj7, fnḏ.jn.tw8	—	—
	perfective	‘indicative’ fnḏ	‘old perfect’ fnḏ.t		—	‘perfective’ fnḏ(.w)9, fnḏ.y
	unmarked (‘aorist’)	‘imperfective’, ‘emphatic’, ‘nominal’ fnḏ.tj7, fnḏ.tw8	‘perfective’, ‘circumstantial’ fnḏ.tj7, fnḏ.tw8	fnḏ.ḫr.tj7, fnḏ.ḫr.tw8	—	‘imperfective’ fnḏ(.w)9
	optative	‘prospective’4 fnḏḏ		fnḏ.kꜣ.tj7, fnḏ.kꜣ.tw8	—	‘prospective’6 fnḏ.tj
	jussive	‘subjunctive’4 fnḏ.tj7, fnḏ.tw8			—	—
1   In Old Egyptian, this is primarily based on the semantic context; in Middle Egyptian, it has changed to be primarily syntactic. 2   Archaic in Middle Egyptian, where the perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective. 3   These forms only exist starting with the late Old Kingdom. Suffix pronouns attach to the particle jw. 4   In Middle Egyptian, the opposition between the prospective and subjunctive has changed from a modal opposition (optative vs. jussive) to a syntactic opposition (initial vs. dependent), with the morphology of the new subjunctive combining features of both Old Egyptian paradigms. 5   In Old Egyptian, the stative is introduced by a topicalized subject and used with stative verbs, while the passive form is used as an independent verb phrase with dynamic verbs. In Middle Egyptian, the distinction has changed so that the stative is used with pronominal subjects while the passive form is used with nominal subjects. 6   Declines using third person suffix pronouns: masculine .fj, feminine .sj, plural .sn. 7   Old Egyptian form. 8   Middle Egyptian form. 9   .w only appears in the masculine singular.

Verbal nouns

infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1
fnḏ	fnḏ(.w)	fnḏ.t
1   Archaic in Middle Egyptian.

Personal endings

	number	first person	second person		third person
			masculine	feminine	masculine	feminine
with suffix pronouns	singular	fnḏ.j	fnḏ.k	fnḏ.ṯ	fnḏ.f	fnḏ.s
	dual	fnḏ.nj	fnḏ.ṯnj		fnḏ.snj
	plural	fnḏ.n	fnḏ.ṯn		fnḏ.sn
stative forms	singular	fnḏ.kj1, fnḏ.kw2	fnḏ.tj		fnḏ(.j)1, fnḏ(.w)2	fnḏ.tj
	dual	—	fnḏ.twnj		fnḏ.wjj	fnḏ.tjj
	plural	fnḏ.w(j)n	fnḏ.tw(j)n		fnḏ.wj	fnḏ.tj, fnḏ.wj2
1   Old Egyptian form. 2   Middle Egyptian form.

References

• Faulkner, Raymond (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, ISBN 0-900416-32-7
• Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1926-1961) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, ISBN 3050022647