frayer
Appearance
See also: Frayer
French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old French freier, from Latin fricāre.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]frayer
- (obsolete) to rub
- (zoology, intransitive) to spawn, to fertilize an egg
- (transitive) to open up, clear (a path, a way, etc.)
- se frayer un chemin à travers quelque chose ― to clear a path for oneself across to something
- 2000, Jean-François Parot, L'énigme des Blancs-Manteaux, JC Lattès, published 2012, page 32:
- Nicolas, accoutumé à l’ordre bonhomme des marchés provinciaux, dut se frayer un chemin au milieu d’un véritable chaos.
- Nicolas, used to the good-natured order of provincial markets, had to find his way through a veritable chaos.
- (intransitive) to mix, to associate [with avec ‘with’]
- frayer avec quelqu’un ― to associate with someone
Conjugation
[edit]This is a regular -er verb as far as pronunciation is concerned, but as with other verbs in -ayer (such as payer and essayer), the <y> of its stem may optionally be written as <i> when it precedes a silent <e> (compare verbs in -eyer, which never have this spelling change, and verbs in -oyer and -uyer, which always have it; verbs in -ayer belong to either group, according to the writer's preference).
Conjugation of frayer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive | simple | frayer | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | frayant /fʁɛ.jɑ̃/ or /fʁe.jɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | frayé /fʁɛ.je/ or /fʁe.je/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | fraye or fraie /fʁɛj/ or /fʁɛ/ |
frayes or fraies /fʁɛj/ or /fʁɛ/ |
fraye or fraie /fʁɛj/ or /fʁɛ/ |
frayons /fʁɛ.jɔ̃/ or /fʁe.jɔ̃/ |
frayez /fʁɛ.je/ or /fʁe.je/ |
frayent or fraient /fʁɛj/ or /fʁɛ/ |
imperfect | frayais /fʁɛ.jɛ/ or /fʁe.jɛ/ |
frayais /fʁɛ.jɛ/ or /fʁe.jɛ/ |
frayait /fʁɛ.jɛ/ or /fʁe.jɛ/ |
frayions /fʁɛj.jɔ̃/ |
frayiez /fʁɛj.je/ |
frayaient /fʁɛ.jɛ/ or /fʁe.jɛ/ | |
past historic2 | frayai /fʁɛ.je/ or /fʁe.je/ |
frayas /fʁɛ.ja/ or /fʁe.ja/ |
fraya /fʁɛ.ja/ or /fʁe.ja/ |
frayâmes /fʁɛ.jam/ or /fʁe.jam/ |
frayâtes /fʁɛ.jat/ or /fʁe.jat/ |
frayèrent /fʁɛ.jɛʁ/ or /fʁe.jɛʁ/ | |
future | frayerai or fraierai /fʁɛj.ʁe/ or /fʁɛ.ʁe/ or /fʁe.ʁe/ |
frayeras or fraieras /fʁɛj.ʁa/ or /fʁɛ.ʁa/ or /fʁe.ʁa/ |
frayera or fraiera /fʁɛj.ʁa/ or /fʁɛ.ʁa/ or /fʁe.ʁa/ |
frayerons or fraierons /fʁɛj.ʁɔ̃/ or /fʁɛ.ʁɔ̃/ or /fʁe.ʁɔ̃/ |
frayerez or fraierez /fʁɛj.ʁe/ or /fʁɛ.ʁe/ or /fʁe.ʁe/ |
frayeront or fraieront /fʁɛj.ʁɔ̃/ or /fʁɛ.ʁɔ̃/ or /fʁe.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | frayerais or fraierais /fʁɛj.ʁɛ/ or /fʁɛ.ʁɛ/ or /fʁe.ʁɛ/ |
frayerais or fraierais /fʁɛj.ʁɛ/ or /fʁɛ.ʁɛ/ or /fʁe.ʁɛ/ |
frayerait or fraierait /fʁɛj.ʁɛ/ or /fʁɛ.ʁɛ/ or /fʁe.ʁɛ/ |
frayerions or fraierions /fʁɛ.jə.ʁjɔ̃/ or /fʁe.jə.ʁjɔ̃/ or /fʁɛ.ʁjɔ̃/ or /fʁe.ʁjɔ̃/ |
frayeriez or fraieriez /fʁɛ.jə.ʁje/ or /fʁe.jə.ʁje/ or /fʁɛ.ʁje/ or /fʁe.ʁje/ |
frayeraient or fraieraient /fʁɛj.ʁɛ/ or /fʁɛ.ʁɛ/ or /fʁe.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | fraye or fraie /fʁɛj/ or /fʁɛ/ |
frayes or fraies /fʁɛj/ or /fʁɛ/ |
fraye or fraie /fʁɛj/ or /fʁɛ/ |
frayions /fʁɛj.jɔ̃/ |
frayiez /fʁɛj.je/ |
frayent or fraient /fʁɛj/ or /fʁɛ/ |
imperfect2 | frayasse /fʁɛ.jas/ or /fʁe.jas/ |
frayasses /fʁɛ.jas/ or /fʁe.jas/ |
frayât /fʁɛ.ja/ or /fʁe.ja/ |
frayassions /fʁɛ.ja.sjɔ̃/ or /fʁe.ja.sjɔ̃/ |
frayassiez /fʁɛ.ja.sje/ or /fʁe.ja.sje/ |
frayassent /fʁɛ.jas/ or /fʁe.jas/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | fraye or fraie /fʁɛj/ or /fʁɛ/ |
— | frayons /fʁɛ.jɔ̃/ or /fʁe.jɔ̃/ |
frayez /fʁɛ.je/ or /fʁe.je/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “frayer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Categories:
- French terms inherited from Old French
- French terms derived from Old French
- French terms inherited from Latin
- French terms derived from Latin
- French 2-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio pronunciation
- French lemmas
- French verbs
- French terms with obsolete senses
- fr:Zoology
- French intransitive verbs
- French transitive verbs
- French terms with collocations
- French terms with quotations
- French verbs with conjugation -ayer
- French first group verbs