gambir

English

Noun

gambir (uncountable)

1. Alternative form of gambier.
   • 1869, Alfred Russel Wallace, The Malay Archipelago, volume I, London: Macmillan and Co., page 34:

     In the interior of the island the Chinese cut down forest trees in the jungle, and saw them up into planks; they cultivate vegetables, which they bring to market; and they grow pepper and gambir, which form important articles of export.

Anagrams

• bigram

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈɡambir/ [ˈɡam.bɪr]
• Rhymes: -ambir
• Syllabification: gam‧bir

Etymology 1

Inherited from Malay gambir.

Noun

gambir (plural gambir-gambir)

1. gambier (Uncaria gambir)

Derived terms

• gambir hutan
• gambir laut
• gambir tupai

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Javanese ꦒꦩ꧀ꦧꦶꦂ (gambir, “reddish-brown colour; the gambir plant”), from Old Javanese gambir (“a small, white, fragrant flower”).

Adjective

gambir (comparative lebih gambir, superlative paling gambir)

1. brown

Further reading

• “gambir”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Malay

Pronunciation

• (Johor-Selangor) IPA^(key): /ɡambe(r)/
• (Riau-Lingga, Bahasa Baku) IPA^(key): /ɡambɪ(r)/
• Rhymes: -ambe(r), -be(r), -e(r)

Noun

gambir (Jawi spelling ݢمبير, plural gambir-gambir or gambir²)

1. gambier (Uncaria gambir)

Descendants

• Indonesian: gambir
• → English: gambier
• → Min Nan: 柑仔蜜 (kam-á-bi̍t, “gambier extract”)

Further reading

• "gambir" in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu (PRPM) [Malay Literary Reference Centre (PRPM)] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017

Polish

Etymology

Borrowed from English gambier, from Malay gambir.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡam.bir/
• Rhymes: -ambir
• Syllabification: gam‧bir

Noun

gambir m inan

1. gambier (Uncaria gambir)

   Synonym: czepota

2. gambier (astringent substance prepared from the leaves of the plant)

Declension

Declension of gambir

	singular	plural
nominative	gambir	gambiry
genitive	gambiru	gambirów
dative	gambirowi	gambirom
accusative	gambir	gambiry
instrumental	gambirem	gambirami
locative	gambirze	gambirach
vocative	gambirze	gambiry

Further reading

• gambir in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin gambir.

Noun

gambir m (plural gambiri)

1. gambier (Uncaria gambir)

Declension

	singular			plural
	indefinite	definite		indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	gambir	gambirul		gambiri	gambirii
genitive-dative	gambir	gambirului		gambiri	gambirilor
vocative	gambirule			gambirilor