gdzie
See also: gdżie
Old Polish
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Etymology tree
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kъde. First attested in the 14th century.
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]gdzie
- where (in what place?)
- where, whither (to what place?)
- when (at what time?)
- somewhere (in some unidentified place)
Conjunction
[edit]gdzie
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- Boryś, Wiesław (2005), “gdzie”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
- Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000), “gdzie”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
- Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965), “gdzie”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego
- Bożena Sieradzka-Baziur, et al., editors (2011–2015), “gdzie, dzie, kdzie”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Polish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Etymology tree
Inherited from Old Polish gdzie.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Middle Polish) IPA(key): /ˈɡd͡ʑɛ/
- (Lesser Poland):
- (Goral):
- (Babia Góra) IPA(key): [ˈɡd͡ʑɛ]
- (Goral):
Adverb
[edit]gdzie (not comparable)
- (relative) where (in the place where)
- (interrogative) where (in what place?)
- (interrogative) where, whither (to what place?)
- (colloquial or Babia Góra, Skawica) synonym of gdzieś (“somewhere”)
Trivia
[edit]According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), gdzie is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 49 times in scientific texts, 70 times in news, 71 times in essays, 104 times in fiction, and 115 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 409 times, making it the 115th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]
Particle
[edit]gdzie
- (sciences) where (used to specify the meaning of a variable)
- Synonym: niech
- Gdzie x oznacza... ― Where x signifies...
- (colloquial) used to state the speaker's disagreement with a statement and that the speaker knows something else to be true; what; yeah right
- Antonym: właśnie
Derived terms
[edit]Conjunction
[edit]gdzie
Synonyms
[edit]| Regional synonyms of gdzie (“where”) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ; edit data | |||
| Dialect group | Dialect | Location | Words |
| Standard | gdzie | ||
| Middle Polish | gdzie | ||
| Greater Poland | Southern Greater Poland | Miejska Górka | dzie |
| Masovia | Near Masovian | Jagodne | dzie |
| Łukowiec | dzie | ||
| Podlachia | Bielsk County | dzie | |
| Lesser Poland | Biecz | Ropczyce-Sędziszów County | dzie |
| Eastern Lublin | Chełm County | dzie | |
| Przemyśl | dzie | ||
| Western Kraków | dzie | ||
| Western Lublin | Ciecierzyn | dzie | |
| Goral | Babia Góra | Skawica | gdzie (“somewhere”) |
| Lach | Podegrodzie | Nowy Sącz | dzie |
| This table shows various regional forms in the Polish language. | |||
References
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “gdzie”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego[2] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- “gdzie”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN[3] (in Polish)
- Maria Renata Mayenowa; Stanisław Rospond; Witold Taszycki; Stefan Hrabec; Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023), “gdzie”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- “GDZIE”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 30 June 2018
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814), “gdzie”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “gdzie”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “gdzie”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 815
- Jan Karłowicz (1901), “gdzie”, in Słownik gwar polskich [Dictionary of Polish dialects] (in Polish), volume 2: F do K, Kraków: Akademia Umiejętności, page 66
Silesian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Etymology tree
Inherited from Old Polish gdzie.
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]gdzie
Further reading
[edit]- gdzie in silling.org
Categories:
- Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷ-
- Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰeh₁-
- Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Polish lemmas
- Old Polish pronouns
- Old Polish conjunctions
- Polish terms derived from Old Polish
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Polish terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰeh₁-
- Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷ-
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Polish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Polish terms inherited from Old Polish
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Polish 1-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle Polish
- Babia Góra Polish
- Polish terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Polish/ɛ
- Rhymes:Polish/ɛ/1 syllable
- Polish lemmas
- Polish adverbs
- Polish uncomparable adverbs
- Polish colloquialisms
- Polish particles
- pl:Sciences
- Polish terms with collocations
- Polish conjunctions
- Polish location adverbs
- Silesian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰeh₁-
- Silesian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Silesian terms inherited from Old Polish
- Silesian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Silesian terms derived from Old Polish
- Silesian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Silesian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Silesian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷ-
- Silesian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Silesian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Silesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Silesian terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Silesian/ɛ
- Rhymes:Silesian/ɛ/1 syllable
- Silesian lemmas
- Silesian pronouns